how to charge sodium ion battery?

 Basic Charging Procedure for Sodium-Ion Batteries

1. Use the Correct Charger
   Sodium-ion batteries typically have a nominal voltage around 3.0V to 3.3V per cell, with a fully charged voltage of around 3.6V to 4.0V, depending on the chemistry.
   Use a dedicated sodium-ion battery charger or a programmable charger set to:

   • Constant Current / Constant Voltage (CC/CV) mode

   • Appropriate cut-off voltage (e.g., 3.8V–4.0V max per cell)

2. Set the Right Charging Parameters

   • Charging voltage: Follow manufacturer specs (commonly 3.8V–4.0V max per cell)

   • Charging current: Typically 0.5C to 1C (C = battery capacity). For example, a 100Ah battery should be charged at 50A–100A.

   • Cut-off current (CV phase): Usually set at 0.05C to stop charging safely.

3. Monitor Temperature and Voltage

   • Avoid charging if the battery is too hot or cold.

   • Most sodium-ion batteries are safe up to ~60°C, but it’s best to charge between 10°C–45°C.

4. Balance the Cells (if applicable)

   • For multi-cell packs, use a Battery Management System (BMS) with balancing functions.

   • This ensures all cells reach the same voltage level and prevents overcharge.

 Important Safety Tips

• Never use a lithium-ion charger unless it is compatible with sodium-ion chemistry.

• Avoid overcharging – sodium-ion batteries are safer than lithium-ion but can still degrade or get damaged if overcharged.

• Store in a cool, dry place when not in use.

• Always follow the manufacturer’s specifications for voltage, current, and temperature limits.

 Common Applications

Sodium-ion batteries are gaining popularity in:

• Stationary energy storage systems

• E-bikes and scooters (emerging)

• Grid-level storage

• Some commercial vehicles in pilot phases