Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri, izwi cyane nka BESS, ikoresha batiri zishobora kongera gukoreshwa mu kubika amashanyarazi arenze aturuka ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi cyangwa amasoko ashobora kongera gukoreshwa nyuma. Uko ikoranabuhanga ry'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rigenda ritera imbere, sisitemu za BESS zirimo kugira uruhare runini mu gushimangira ingufu z'amashanyarazi no kongera agaciro k'ingufu zitangiza ibidukikije. None se izi sisitemu zakora zite?
Intambwe ya 1: Bateri
Ishingiro rya BESS iyo ari yo yose ni uburyo bwo kubika ingufu - bateri. Module nyinshi za bateri cyangwa "uturemangingo" zihuzwa hamwe kugira ngo habeho "bakingi ya bateri" itanga ubushobozi bwo kubika bukenewe. Uturemangingo dukoreshwa cyane ni lithiamu-iyoni bitewe n'ubucucike bwazo bwinshi, igihe kirekire kandi zikabasha gusharija vuba. Izindi shimi nka aside ya lead na bateri zigenda zikoreshwa nazo zikoreshwa muri bimwe mu bikorwa.
Intambwe ya 2: Sisitemu yo guhindura ingufu
Bateri ihuza n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi binyuze muri sisitemu yo guhindura amashanyarazi cyangwa PCS. PCS igizwe n'ibice by'ikoranabuhanga nk'icyuma gihindura umuriro, converter, na filters zemerera umuriro gutembera mu byerekezo byombi hagati ya bateri na grid. Inverter ihindura umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi (DC) uva kuri bateri ukajya muri alternating current (AC) grid ikoresha, kandi converter ikora ibinyuranye kugira ngo isharishe bateri.
Intambwe ya 3: Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri
Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri, cyangwa BMS, igenzura kandi ikagenzura buri selile ya bateri iri mu bubiko bwa bateri. BMS iringaniza uturemangingo, ikagenzura voltage n'amashanyarazi mu gihe cyo gushyushya no gusohora, kandi ikarinda kwangirika guturuka ku gushyushya birenze urugero, gushyushya birenze urugero cyangwa gusohora cyane. Igenzura ibipimo by'ingenzi nka voltage, umuriro n'ubushyuhe kugira ngo yoroshye imikorere ya bateri n'igihe imara.
Intambwe ya 4: Sisitemu yo gukonjesha
Sisitemu yo gukonjesha ikuraho ubushyuhe bwinshi muri batiri mu gihe cyo gukora. Ibi ni ingenzi kugira ngo uturemangingo tugume mu bushyuhe bwatwo bwiza kandi twongere igihe cy'ubuzima bwacu. Ubwoko bukunze gukoreshwa mu gukonjesha ni ugukonjesha amazi (gukoresha icyuma gikonjesha mu byuma bikoresha icyuma gikonjesha) no gukonjesha umwuka (gukoresha abafana kugira ngo umwuka unyure mu byuma bifunga batiri).
Intambwe ya 5: Imikorere
Mu gihe cy'amashanyarazi make cyangwa ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa cyane, BESS ifata ingufu zirenze urugero binyuze muri sisitemu yo guhindura ingufu hanyuma ikayibika muri bateri. Iyo ingufu zikenewe ari nyinshi cyangwa ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa zitaboneka, ingufu zibitswe zisubizwa kuri grid binyuze muri inverter. Ibi bituma BESS "ihindura igihe" ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa zihoraho, igatuza frequency na voltage ya grid, kandi igatanga ingufu zo kwifashisha mu gihe habayeho kubura ingufu.
Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri igenzura imiterere y’umuriro wa buri selile kandi ikagenzura ingano y’umuriro n’umuvuduko w’umuriro kugira ngo hirindwe ko bateri zishyuha cyane, zishyuha cyane kandi zigasohora umuriro mwinshi - byongerera igihe cyo kuzikoresha. Kandi sisitemu yo gukonjesha ikora kugira ngo ubushyuhe bwa bateri muri rusange bugume mu rwego rwo gukora neza.
Muri make, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za bateri ikoresha bateri, ibice by'amashanyarazi, uburyo bwo kugenzura bukoresheje ubwenge n'imicungire y'ubushyuhe hamwe mu buryo buhuriweho kugira ngo ibike amashanyarazi arenze kandi isohora ingufu igihe cyose bikenewe. Ibi bituma ikoranabuhanga rya BESS rirushaho kugira agaciro k'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, rigatuma imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi irushaho gukora neza kandi irambye, kandi rigashyigikira impinduka mu gihe kizaza cy'ingufu nke zikomoka kuri karubone.
Kubera kwiyongera kw'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa nk'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba n'umuyaga, sisitemu nini zo kubika ingufu za bateri (BESS) zirimo kugira uruhare runini mu gushimangira imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi. Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za bateri ikoresha bateri zishobora kongera gukoreshwa kugira ngo ibike amashanyarazi arenze urugero ava ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi cyangwa ava ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi ushobora kongera gukoreshwa no kugarura ayo mashanyarazi igihe bikenewe. Ikoranabuhanga rya BESS rifasha gukoresha ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa mu buryo buhoraho kandi rikongera uburyo bwo kwizerwa, gukora neza no kuramba.
BESS ubusanzwe igizwe n'ibice byinshi:
1) Bateri zikozwe mu buryo bwinshi bwa bateri cyangwa utunyangingo kugira ngo zitange ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu bukenewe. Bateri za Lithium-ion zikoreshwa cyane bitewe n'ubucucike bwazo bwinshi, igihe kirekire kandi zikaba zifite ubushobozi bwo gusharija vuba. Hari n'izindi shimi nka bateri za lead-acid na flow.
2) Sisitemu yo guhindura ingufu (PCS) ihuza bateri n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi. PCS igizwe na inverter, converter n'ibindi bikoresho byo kugenzura bifasha ingufu gutembera mu byerekezo byombi hagati ya bateri n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi.
3) Sisitemu yo gucunga batiri (BMS) igenzura kandi ikagenzura imiterere n'imikorere y'uturemangingo twa batiri ku giti cyatwo. BMS iringaniza uturemangingo, ikarinda kwangirika guturutse ku gusharija cyane cyangwa gusohora umuriro mwinshi, kandi ikagenzura ibipimo nka voltage, amashanyarazi n'ubushyuhe.
4) Sisitemu yo gukonjesha ikuraho ubushyuhe bwinshi muri batiri. Gukonjesha hakoreshejwe amazi cyangwa umwuka bikoreshwa kugira ngo batiri zigume mu bushyuhe bwazo bwiza kandi zongere igihe cyo kubaho.
5) Inzu cyangwa ikintu gikingira kandi gikingira sisitemu yose ya bateri. Ibikoresho bya bateri byo hanze bigomba kuba birinzwe n'ikirere kandi bikanashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije.
Inshingano z'ingenzi za BESS ni izi zikurikira:
• Kuramo ingufu zirenze urugero mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi mu gihe cy'ubukene bukabije hanyuma uzirekure iyo ubukene bukabije. Ibi bifasha mu kugabanya ubukana bw'amashanyarazi n'ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi.
• Bika ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa ziturutse ku masoko nka PV y'izuba n'ibigo by'umuyaga bifite umusaruro uhindagurika kandi uhoraho, hanyuma utange izo ngufu zibitswe mu gihe izuba ritava cyangwa umuyaga utari guhuha. Ibi bituma ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa zijya mu gihe zikenewe cyane.
• Gutanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu gihe cy'ikosa ry'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi cyangwa icyuho kugira ngo ibikorwa remezo by'ingenzi bikomeze gukora, haba mu buryo bwo guhuza imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi n'iy'amashanyarazi.
• Kugira uruhare muri gahunda zo gusubiza ibyo ukeneye no gutanga serivisi zijyanye na byo binyuze mu kongera cyangwa kugabanya ingufu z'amashanyarazi uko zikenewe, gutanga amabwiriza agenga inshuro n'izindi serivisi z'amashanyarazi.
Mu gusoza, uko ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa zikomeza kwiyongera nk'ijanisha ry'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ku isi yose, sisitemu nini zo kubika ingufu za batiri zizagira uruhare runini mu gutuma izo ngufu zisukuye zizewe kandi ziboneka amasaha yose. Ikoranabuhanga rya BESS rizafasha mu kongera agaciro k'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, rituze imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi kandi rishyigikire impinduka zigana ku hazaza harambye kandi hadakoreshejwe karubone nyinshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-07-2023
