Iibhetri zesikhephe zibalulekile ekunikeni amandla iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zombane kwisikhephe, kubandakanywa ukuqala injini kunye nezixhobo ezisebenzayo ezifana nezibane, iirediyo, kunye neemotor ezijikelezayo. Nantsi indlela asebenza ngayo kunye neentlobo onokudibana nazo:
1. Iintlobo zeebhetri zesikhephe
- Ukuqala (Ukukrazula) iibhetri: Yenzelwe ukuhambisa ukuqhuma kwamandla ukuqalisa injini yesikhephe. Ezi bhetri zineepleyiti ezininzi ezincinci zokukhululwa ngokukhawuleza kwamandla.
- Iibhetri zoMjikelo onzulu: Yenzelwe amandla aqhubekayo ixesha elide, iibhetri zomjikelo onzulu wombane we-elektroniki, iimotor ezijikelezayo, kunye nezinye izixhobo. Zisenokukhutshwa kwaye zitshajwe kwakhona amaxesha amaninzi.
- Iibhetri eziNjongo ezimbini: Ezi zidibanisa iimpawu zazo zombini iibhetri zokuqalisa kunye nezinzulu. Ngelixa bengengoochwephesha, bayakwazi ukuyisingatha yomibini le misebenzi.
2. Ikhemistri yebhetri
- Iseli yeLead-Acid eManzi (iKhukula): Iibhetri zesikhephe eziqhelekileyo ezisebenzisa umxube wamanzi kunye neasidi yesulfuric ukuvelisa umbane. Ezi azibizi kakhulu kodwa zifuna ukulungiswa rhoqo, okufana nokujonga nokuzalisa amanqanaba amanzi kwakhona.
- Iglasi yeglasi efunxekileyo (AGM): Iibhetri ze-lead-asidi ezitywiniweyo ezingakhathalelwanga. Banika amandla amahle kunye nobomi obude, kunye nenzuzo eyongezelelweyo yokuba bubungqina bokuchitheka.
- ILithium-Ion (LiFePO4): Olona khetho luphezulu kakhulu, olubonelela ngomjikelezo wobomi obude, ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. Iibhetri zeLiFePO4 zikhaphukhaphu kodwa zibiza kakhulu.
3. Zisebenza njani iibhetri zesikhephe
Iibhetri zamaphenyane zisebenza ngokugcina amandla ekhemikhali kwaye ziwaguqule zibe ngamandla ombane. Nantsi inkcazo yendlela ezisebenza ngayo ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo:
Ukuqalisa i-injini (ibhetri yeCranking)
- Xa uvula isitshixo ukuqalisa injini, ibhetri eqalayo ikhupha umsinga wombane ophezulu.
- Ialternator ye-injini iyitshaja kwakhona ibhetri xa injini iqalisa ukusebenza.
Izixhobo eziSebenzayo (Ibhetri yoMjikelo oNzulu)
- Xa usebenzisa izincedisi zombane ezifana nezibane, iisistim zeGPS, okanye iimotor ezijikelezayo, iibhetri zomjikelo onzulu zibonelela ngokuzinza, ukuhamba okuzingileyo kwamandla.
- Ezi bhetri zinokukhutshwa ngokunzulu kwaye ziphinde zitshajwe amaxesha amaninzi ngaphandle komonakalo.
Inkqubo yoMbane
- Electrochemical Reaction: Xa uqhagamshelwe kumthwalo, ukusabela kweekhemikhali zangaphakathi kwebhetri kukhupha ii-electron, ukuvelisa ukuhamba kombane. Oku kukunika amandla iinkqubo zesikhephe sakho.
- Kwiibhetri ze-lead-acid, iipleyiti ze-lead zisabela nge-asidi ye-sulfuric. Kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion, ii-ion zihamba phakathi kwee-electrodes ukuvelisa amandla.
4. Ukutshaja ibhetri
- Ukutshaja iAlternator: Xa injini isebenza, ialternator ivelisa umbane otshaja ibhetri yokuqala. Isenokutshaja ibhetri yomjikelo onzulu ukuba inkqubo yombane yesikhephe sakho yenzelwe ukuseta iibhetri ezimbini.
- Ukutshaja elunxwemeni: Xa idoti, ungasebenzisa itshaja yebhetri yangaphandle ukutshaja kwakhona iibhetri. Iitshaja ezihlakaniphile zinokutshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo phakathi kweendlela zokutshaja ukwandisa ubomi bebhetri.
5.Ulungelelwaniso lwebhetri
- Ibhetri enye: Izikhephe ezincinci zinokusebenzisa ibhetri enye kuphela ukuphatha zombini amandla okuqalisa kunye nesixhobo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ungasebenzisa ibhetri yeenjongo ezimbini.
- Ukuseta ibhetri kabini: Izikhephe ezininzi zisebenzisa iibhetri ezimbini: enye yeyokuqalisa injini kunye neyokusebenzisa umjikelo onzulu. Aukutshintsha ibhetriikuvumela ukuba ukhethe ukuba yeyiphi ibhetri esetyenziswayo nangaliphi na ixesha okanye ukudibanisa kwiimeko zikaxakeka.
6.IiSwitshi zeBattery kunye ne-Isolators
- Aukutshintsha ibhetriikuvumela ukuba ukhethe ukuba yeyiphi ibhetri esetyenziswayo okanye etshajiweyo.
- Aisihlukanisi sebhetriiqinisekisa ukuba ibhetri yokuqala ihlala ihlawulwe ngelixa ivumela ibhetri ye-deep-cycle ukuba isetyenziselwe izincedisi, ukuthintela ibhetri enye ekukhupheni enye.
7.Ukugcinwa kwebhetri
- Iibhetri ze-lead-asidizifuna ukugcinwa rhoqo okufana nokujonga amanqanaba amanzi kunye nokucoca iitheminali.
- Iibhetri zeLithium-ion kunye neAGMazinakugcinwa kodwa zifuna ukutshaja ngokufanelekileyo ukuze zandise ubomi bazo.
Iibhetri zesikhephe zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle emanzini, ukuqinisekisa ukuba injini ethembekileyo iyaqalisa kunye namandla angaphazanyiswa kuzo zonke iinkqubo ezisebhodini.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-06-2025
