Ngaba uthembele kwinqwelo yakho yegalufa ethembekileyo ukuba ijikeleze ikhosi okanye indawo ohlala kuyo? Njengesithuthi sakho sehashe lomsebenzi, kubalulekile ukugcina iibhetri zakho zenqwelo yegalufa zikwimo efanelekileyo. Funda isikhokelo sethu esipheleleyo sovavanyo lwebhetri ukuze ufunde ukuba ungavavanywa nini kwaye njani iibhetri zakho ubomi obuninzi kunye nokusebenza.
Kutheni uvavanya iibhetri zeNqwelo yeGalufa?
Ngelixa iibhetri zenqwelo yegalufa zakhiwe ngamandla, ziyathobeka ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye nokusetyenziswa kakhulu. Ukuvavanya iibhetri zakho kuphela kwendlela yokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo imeko yempilo yabo kwaye ubambe nayiphi na imiba ngaphambi kokuba ikushiye uxinezelekile.
Ngokukodwa, uvavanyo lwesiqhelo lukwazisa ukuba:
- Intlawulo ephantsi/i-voltage - Chonga iibhetri ezingatshajiswanga okanye ezikhutshiweyo.
- Ukuhla kwamandla eebhetri - Amabala aphelayo ebhetri angasakwaziyo ukubamba intlawulo epheleleyo.
-Iitheminali ezonakeleyo - Fumana i-corrosion buildup ebangela ukuxhathisa kunye nokuhla kwamandla ombane.
- Iiseli ezonakeleyo-Chola kwiiseli zebhetri ezingalunganga phambi kokuba zisilele ngokupheleleyo.
- Uqhagamshelo olubuthathaka - Fumanisa uqhagamshelo lwentambo ezixekileyo zokukhupha amandla.
Ukucofa ezi ngxaki ziqhelekileyo zebhetri yenqwelo yegalufa kwi-bud ngokuvavanya kwandisa ubomi babo kunye nokuthembeka kwenqwelo yakho yegalufa.
Kufuneka uzivavanye nini iibhetri zakho?
Uninzi lwabavelisi beenqwelo zegalufa bacebisa ukuvavanya iibhetri zakho ubuncinci:
- Ngenyanga - Yeenqwelo ezisetyenziswa rhoqo.
- Rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-3 - Ngeenqwelo ezisetyenziswa kancinci.
- Phambi kokugcinwa kwasebusika - Imozulu ebandayo irhafisa iibhetri.
- Emva kokugcinwa ebusika - Qinisekisa ukuba ziyasinda ebusika zilungele intwasahlobo.
- Xa uluhlu lubonakala luncitshisiwe - Uphawu lwakho lokuqala lwengxaki yebhetri.
Ukongeza, vavanya iibhetri zakho emva kwayo nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo:
- Inqwelo yahlala iiveki ezingasetyenziswanga. Iibhetri ziyazikhupha ngokuhamba kwexesha.
- Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kumhlaba othambekileyo. Iimeko ezinzima zitsala iibhetri.
- Ukuvezwa kubushushu obuphezulu. Ubushushu bukhawulezisa ukuguga kwebhetri.
-Ukwenziwa kogcino. Imiba yombane inokuvela.
- Tsiba kwinqwelo yokuqala. Qinisekisa ukuba iibhetri azonakalanga.
Uvavanyo lwesiqhelo rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-1-3 lugubungela zonke iziseko zakho. Kodwa soloko uvavanya emva kwexesha elide lokungenzi nto okanye ukrokrela umonakalo webhetri.
Izixhobo zoVavanyo oluBalulekileyo
Ukuvavanya iibhetri zenqwelo yegalufa akufuni zixhobo ziduru okanye ulwazi lobugcisa. Ngeziseko ezingezantsi, unokwenza uvavanyo lobuchule lobuchwephesha:
-Ivoltmeter yeDijithali-Imilinganiselo yombane ukuveza imeko yentlawulo.
-I-Hydrometer-Ichonga intlawulo nge-electrolyte density.
- Umvavanyi womthwalo - Usebenzisa umthwalo ukuvavanya umthamo.
I-Multimeter-Ijonga imidibaniso, iintambo, kunye neetheminali.
-Izixhobo zokulungisa ibhetri -Ibrashi yetheminali, isicoci sebhetri, ibrashi yentambo.
- Iiglavu, iiglavu, ifaskoti - Ukuphatha ngokukhuselekileyo iibhetri.
- Amanzi adityanisiweyo - Ukunyusa amanqanaba e-electrolyte.
Ukwenza utyalo-mali kwezi zixhobo zovavanyo lwebhetri ziyimfuneko kuya kuhlawula iminyaka yobomi obandisiweyo bebhetri.
Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili koVavanyo
Ngaphambi kokuntywila kumbane, intlawulo, kunye novavanyo loqhagamshelo, jonga iibhetri zakho kunye nenqwelo. Ukubamba imiba kwangoko konga ixesha lovavanyo.
Kwibhetri nganye, jonga:
- Ityala - Iintanda okanye umonakalo uvumela ukuvuza okuyingozi.
- Izikhululo - Umhlwa onzima uphazamisa ukuhamba kwangoku.
- Inqanaba le-Electrolyte - Ulwelo oluphantsi lunciphisa umthamo.
- Iminqwazi yoMbane - Iminqwazi elahlekileyo okanye eyonakeleyo ivumela ukuvuza.
Khangela kwakhona:
- Uqhagamshelo oluxengaxengayo - Izitishi kufuneka ziqine kwiintambo.
- Iintambo eziqhekekileyo - Umonakalo we-insulation ungabangela iifutshane.
- Iimpawu zokutshajiswa kakhulu - Ukujikwa okanye ukugcwala kwebhokisi.
- Ubumdaka kunye nobumdaka obuqokelelweyo - Bunokuthintela ukungena komoya.
-I-electrolyte evuzayo okanye echithiweyo - Yenzakalisa iindawo ezikufutshane, iyingozi.
Buyisela naziphi na izinto ezonakalisiweyo phambi kovavanyo. Coca ubumdaka kunye nomhlwa ngebrashi yocingo kunye nesicoci sebhetri.
Phezulu kwi-electrolyte ngamanzi adibeneyo ukuba aphantsi. Ngoku iibhetri zakho zilungele uvavanyo olubanzi.
Uvavanyo lombane
Indlela ekhawulezayo yokuvavanya impilo yebhetri ngokubanzi kuvavanyo lombane kunye ne-digital voltmeter.
Seta i-voltmeter yakho kwi-volts ye-DC. Xa inqwelo icinyiwe, ncamathelisa intambo ebomvu kwi-terminal kunye ne-black lead ibe negative. Umbane wokuphumla ochanekileyo yile:
- 6V ibhetri: 6.4-6.6V
- 8V ibhetri: 8.4-8.6V
- 12V ibhetri: 12.6-12.8V
Umbane osezantsi ubonisa:
- 6.2V okanye ngaphantsi - 25% ityala okanye ngaphantsi. Ifuna ukutshaja.
- 6.0V okanye ngaphantsi - Ufile ngokupheleleyo. Isenokungachacha.
Tshaja iibhetri zakho emva kwazo naziphi na izifundo ezingaphantsi kwamanqanaba ombane afanelekileyo. Emva koko phinda uvavanye i-voltage. Ukufundwa okuphantsi okuthe gqolo kuthetha ukusilela kweeseli zebhetri.
Okulandelayo, uvavanyo lombane kunye nomthwalo oqhelekileyo wombane, njengezibane zangaphambili. Umbane kufuneka uhlale uzinzile, ungadibi ngaphezu kwe-0.5V. Ithontsi enkulu ikhomba kwiibhetri ezibuthathaka ezisokola ukunika amandla.
Uvavanyo lwamandla ombane luchonga imiba engaphezulu efana nemeko yentlawulo kunye noqhagamshelo olukhululekileyo. Ukuqonda okunzulu, qhubela phambili kumthwalo, amandla kunye novavanyo lonxibelelwano.
Uvavanyo lomthwalo
Uvavanyo lomthwalo luhlalutya indlela iibhetri zakho eziphatha ngayo umthwalo wombane, ukulinganisa iimeko zangempela. Sebenzisa isixhobo sokuvavanya umthwalo ophathwayo okanye umvavanyi wevenkile ovunyiweyo.
Landela imiyalelo yomvavanyi womthwalo ukuze uqhoboshele izithinteli kwiitheminali. Vula umvavanyi ukusebenzisa umthwalo omiselweyo kwimizuzwana emininzi. Ibhetri esemgangathweni iya kugcina i-voltage ngaphezu kwe-9.6V (ibhetri ye-6V) okanye i-5.0V ngeseli (36V ibhetri).
Ukuhla kwamandla ombane ngokugqithisileyo ngexesha lovavanyo lomthwalo kubonisa ibhetri enomthamo ophantsi kwaye isondela esiphelweni sobomi bayo. Iibhetri azikwazi ukuhambisa amandla aneleyo phantsi koxinzelelo.
Ukuba amandla ombane webhetri yakho abuyela ngokukhawuleza emva kokususa umthwalo, ibhetri isenobomi obushiyekileyo. Kodwa uvavanyo lomthwalo luveze amandla abuthathaka afuna ukutshintshwa kungekudala.
Uvavanyo lwesakhono
Ngelixa umvavanyi womthwalo ujonga amandla ombane phantsi komthwalo, i-hydrometer ilinganisa ngokuthe ngqo umthamo webhetri. Yisebenzise kwiibhetri ezizaliswe ngamanzi e-electrolyte.
Zoba i-electrolyte kwi-hydrometer kunye nepayipi encinci. Funda inqanaba lokudada kwisikali:
- 1.260-1.280 ubunzima obuthile - Ihlawuliswe ngokupheleleyo
- 1.220-1.240 - 75% ihlawuliswe
- 1.200 - 50% ihlawuliswe
- 1.150 okanye ngaphantsi - Ukhutshiwe
Thatha ufundo kumagumbi cell aliqela. Ufundo olungangqinelaniyo lunokubonisa iseli engalunganga.
Uvavanyo lweHydrometer yeyona ndlela yokufumanisa ukuba iibhetri zitshaja ngokupheleleyo. I-voltage inokufunda ukutshajiswa okupheleleyo, kodwa ukuxinana kwe-electrolyte esezantsi kubonisa ukuba iibhetri azamkeli eyona ntlawulo yazo inzulu.
Uvavanyo loQhagamshelwano
Unxibelelwano olulambathayo phakathi kwebhetri, iintambo, kunye nezixhobo zenqwelo yegalufa zinokubangela ukuhla kwamandla ombane kunye nemiba yokukhupha.
Sebenzisa i-multimeter ukujonga ukuxhathisa uqhagamshelwano ngokubanzi:
- Iitheminali zebhetri
-Itheminali yokudityaniswa kwentambo
- Ecaleni ubude cable
-Amanqaku oqhagamshelwano kubalawuli okanye kwibhokisi ye-fuse
Naluphi na ufundo olungaphezulu kunoziro lubonisa ukuxhathisa okuphakamileyo ukusuka kumhlwa, uqhagamshelo olukhululekileyo okanye iifrays. Coca kwakhona kwaye uqinise imidibaniso de ukuchasana kufundeke ngo-zero.
Kwakhona jonga ngokubonakalayo iziphelo zentambo ezinyibilikisiweyo, uphawu lokungaphumeleli kokuxhathisa okuphezulu kakhulu. Iintambo ezonakeleyo kufuneka zitshintshwe.
Ngamanqaku oqhagamshelo angenazimpazamo, iibhetri zakho zinokusebenza ngobuchule obuphezulu.
Recap of Testing Steps
Ukufumana umfanekiso opheleleyo wempilo yebhetri yenqwelo yegalufa, landela olu vavanyo lupheleleyo lulandelelwano:
1. Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo - Khangela umonakalo kunye namanqanaba olwelo.
2. Uvavanyo lwe-voltage - Vavanya imeko yentlawulo xa uphumle kwaye uphantsi komthwalo.
3. Uvavanyo lomthwalo - Jonga impendulo yebhetri kwimithwalo yombane.
4. I-Hydrometer - Ukulinganisa umthamo kunye nokukwazi ukuhlawula ngokupheleleyo.
5. Uvavanyo loQhagamshelwano - Fumana imiba yokuxhathisa ebangela ukuphuma kwamandla.
Ukudibanisa ezi ndlela zovavanyo kubamba naziphi na iingxaki zebhetri ukuze uthathe amanyathelo okulungisa phambi kokuba kuphazamiseke ukuphuma kwegalufa.
Ukuhlalutya kunye nokuRekhoda iziphumo
Ukugcina iirekhodi zeziphumo zovavanyo lwebhetri kumjikelo ngamnye kukunika umfanekiso wobomi bebhetri. Idatha yovavanyo lokungena ikuvumela ukuba uchonge utshintsho oluthe ngcembe lwebhetri ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukungaphumeleli ngokupheleleyo.
Kuvavanyo ngalunye, rekhodisha:
- Umhla kunye mileage kwinqwelo
-IiVoltges, ubunzima obuthile, kunye nofundo oluchasayo
- Nawaphi na amanqaku ngomonakalo, umhlwa, amanqanaba olwelo
- Uvavanyo apho iziphumo ziphuma kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo
Jonga iipateni ezifana noxinzelelo lwamandla ombane rhoqo, amandla aphelayo, okanye ukonyuka kokumelana. Ukuba ufuna iwaranti yeebhetri ezinengxaki, vavanyo d
Nazi ezinye iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo zokufumana okuninzi kwibhetri yenqwelo yegalufa:
- Sebenzisa itshaja eyiyo - Qiniseka ukuba usebenzisa itshaja ehambelanayo neebhetri zakho ezithile. Ukusebenzisa itshaja engalunganga kungonakalisa iibhetri ekuhambeni kwexesha.
- Ukutshaja kwindawo engena umoya - Ukutshaja kuvelisa igesi yehydrogen, ngoko ke ukutshaja iibhetri kwindawo evulekileyo ukuthintela ukwakheka kwerhasi. Ungaze uhlawule kumaqondo obushushu ashushu kakhulu okanye abandayo.
- Kuphephe ukutshaja kakhulu - Musa ukushiya iibhetri kwitshaja ngaphezu kosuku emva kokuba ibonisa ukuba itshajwe ngokupheleleyo. Ukutshaja okugqithisileyo kubangela ukutshisa okugqithisileyo kwaye kukhawulezisa ilahleko yamanzi.
- Qwalasela amanqanaba amanzi phambi kokutshaja - Gcwalisa kuphela iibhetri ngamanzi adibeneyo xa kufuneka. Ukuzalisa ngokugqithisileyo kunokubangela ukuchitheka kwe-electrolyte kunye nokubola.
- Vumela iibhetri ziphole phambi kokuba zitshajwe kwakhona - Vumela iibhetri ezishushu ukuba ziphole phambi kokuba ziplage ukuze zitshaje ngeyona ndlela. Ubushushu bunciphisa ukwamkelwa kwentlawulo.
-Coca imiphezulu yebhetri kunye neetheminali-Ubumdaka kunye nomhlwa kunokuthintela ukutshaja. Gcina iibhetri zicocekile usebenzisa ibrashi yocingo kunye nesoda yokubhaka/isisombululo samanzi.
-Fakela iminqwazi yeeseli ngokuqinileyo - Iminqwazi ekhululekileyo ivumela ukulahleka kwamanzi ngokuphuma komphunga. Faka endaweni ezonakeleyo okanye ezilahlekileyo caps zeseli.
- Nciphisa iintambo xa ugcina - Thintela idreyini ezifunxileyo xa inqwelo yegalufa igcinwa ngokuqhawula iintambo zebhetri.
- Kuphephe ukukhutshwa okunzulu - Musa ukuqhuba iibhetri ezifileyo. Ukukhutshwa okunzulu konakalisa ngokusisigxina iipleyiti kunye nokunciphisa umthamo.
- Ukufaka iibhetri ezintsha ecaleni kwezindala kunciphisa iibhetri ezindala kwaye kunciphisa ubomi.
- Hlaziya iibhetri ezindala ngokufanelekileyo - Abathengisi abaninzi bahlaziya iibhetri ezindala simahla. Musa ukubeka iibhetri ze-asidi ezisetyenzisiweyo kwinkunkuma.
Ukulandela ezona ndlela zilungileyo zokutshaja, ulondolozo, ugcino kunye nokutshintsha kuya kwandisa ubomi bebhetri yenqwelo yegalufa kunye nokusebenza.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-20-2023
