Ngaba uthembele kwinqwelo yakho yegalufa ethembekileyo ukuba ijikeleze ibala okanye uluntu lwakho? Njengesithuthi sakho esisebenzayo, kubalulekile ukugcina iibhetri zenqwelo yakho yegalufa zikwimeko efanelekileyo. Funda isikhokelo sethu esipheleleyo sokuvavanya ibhetri ukuze ufunde ukuba ungazivavanya nini kwaye njani iibhetri zakho ukuze ufumane ubomi obupheleleyo kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu.
Kutheni Ufanele Uvavanye Iibhetri ZeeNqwelo Zakho Zegalufa?
Nangona iibhetri zeenqwelo zegolf zakhiwe kakuhle, ziyawohloka ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Ukuvavanya iibhetri zakho yindlela ekuphela kwayo yokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo imeko yazo yempilo kunye nokubamba naziphi na iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba zikushiye ungenanto.
Ngokukodwa, uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lukwazisa ukuba:
- Itshaja/i-voltage ephantsi - Chonga iibhetri ezitshajiweyo kancinci okanye ezikhutshiweyo.
- Umthamo owohlokileyo - Iibhetri eziphelelwa lixesha ezingasakwaziyo ukuthwala itshaja epheleleyo.
- Iiterminal ezigqwalileyo - Fumana ukwakheka komhlwa okubangela ukuxhathisa kunye nokwehla kwevolthi.
- Iiseli ezonakeleyo - Zithathe iiseli zebhetri ezineengxaki ngaphambi kokuba zingasebenzi ngokupheleleyo.
- Uqhagamshelo olubuthathaka - Fumanisa uqhagamshelo lwentambo olukhululekileyo olukhupha amandla.
Ukuphelisa ezi ngxaki zebhetri zenqwelo yegalufa ziqala ngokuvavanya kwandisa ubomi bazo kunye nokuthembeka kwenqwelo yegalufa yakho.
Ufanele Uvavanye Nini Iibhetri Zakho?
Uninzi lwabavelisi beenqwelo zegalufa bacebisa ukuba uvavanye iibhetri zakho ubuncinci:
- Ngenyanga - Kwiinqwelo ezisetyenziswa rhoqo.
- Rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-3 - Kwiinqwelo ezingasetyenziswanga kakhulu.
- Ngaphambi kokugcinwa ebusika - Imozulu ebandayo inzima kakhulu kwiibhetri.
- Emva kokugcinwa ebusika - Qinisekisa ukuba zisindile ebusika zilungele intwasahlobo.
- Xa uluhlu lubonakala lunciphile - Uphawu lwakho lokuqala lwengxaki yebhetri.
Ukongeza, vavanya iibhetri zakho emva kwayo nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo:
- Inqwelo yam ihlale iiveki ezininzi ingasetyenziswa. Iibhetri ziyazikhupha ngokwazo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
- Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezithambekileyo. Iimeko ezinzima ziyawacinezela amabhetri.
- Ukuvezwa kubushushu obuphezulu. Ubushushu bukhawulezisa ukuguguleka kwebhetri.
- Ukusebenza kolondolozo. Iingxaki zombane zinokuvela.
- Tsiba inqwelo yokuqalisa. Qinisekisa ukuba iibhetri azonakalanga.
Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezi-1-3 lugubungela zonke iziseko zakho. Kodwa soloko uvavanya emva kwexesha elide ungenzi nto okanye ucinge ukuba ibhetri yonakele.
Izixhobo zovavanyo ezibalulekileyo
Ukuvavanya iibhetri zenqwelo yakho yegalufa akufuneki zixhobo zibizayo okanye ulwazi lobuchwephesha. Ngeziseko ezingezantsi, ungenza uvavanyo lobuchule lwe-caliber:
- I-voltmeter yedijithali - Ilinganisa i-voltage ukuze ibonise imeko yokutshaja.
- I-Hydrometer - Ibona itshaja ngokusebenzisa uxinano lwe-electrolyte.
- Umvavanyi womthwalo - Usebenzisa umthwalo ukuvavanya umthamo.
- I-Multimeter - Ijonga uqhagamshelo, iintambo, kunye neeterminal.
- Izixhobo zokulungisa iibhetri - Ibrashi yesiphelo, isicoci sebhetri, ibrashi yekhebula.
- Iiglavu, iiglasi zeglasi, i-apron - Ukuphatha iibhetri ngokukhuselekileyo.
- Amanzi acociweyo - Ukunyusa amanqanaba e-electrolyte.
Ukutyala imali kwezi zixhobo zokuvavanya iibhetri ezibalulekileyo kuya kuzuza iminyaka emininzi yobomi bebhetri.
Uhlolo lwangaphambi kovavanyo
Ngaphambi kokuba ungene kuvavanyo lwe-voltage, itshaja, kunye noqhagamshelo, hlola iibhetri zakho kunye nenqwelo yakho ngamehlo. Ukubamba iingxaki kwangethuba konga ixesha lokuvavanya.
Kwibhetri nganye, jonga:
- Ityala - Ukuqhekeka okanye umonakalo kuvumela ukuvuza okuyingozi.
- IiTerminali - Ukugqwala okukhulu kuthintela ukuhamba kwamanzi.
- Inqanaba le-Electrolyte - Ulwelo oluphantsi lunciphisa amandla.
- Izivalo zomoya - Izivalo ezingekhoyo okanye ezonakeleyo zivumela ukuvuza.
Khangela kwakhona:
- Uqhagamshelo olukhululekileyo - Iitheminali maziqine kwiintambo.
- Iintambo eziqhekekileyo - Umonakalo wokufakwa kwe-insulation unokubangela iibhulukhwe ezimfutshane.
- Iimpawu zokutshaja kakhulu - Ibhokisi eligobileyo okanye eliqhumayo.
- Ukungcola kunye nokungcola okuqokeleleneyo - Kunokuthintela umoya ophumayo.
- I-electrolyte evuzayo okanye echithekileyo - Yonakalisa iindawo ezikufutshane, iyingozi.
Tshintsha naziphi na izinto ezonakeleyo ngaphambi kokuvavanya. Coca ukungcola kunye nokugqwala ngebrashi yocingo kunye nesicoci sebhetri.
Faka amanzi acocekileyo kwi-electrolyte ukuba aphantsi. Ngoku iibhetri zakho zilungele uvavanyo olupheleleyo.
Uvavanyo lweVoltage
Eyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yokuvavanya impilo yebhetri ngokubanzi kukuvavanya i-voltage nge-digital voltmeter.
Seta i-voltmeter yakho kwi-DC volts. Xa inqwelo icinyiwe, ncamathisela i-red lead kwi-positive terminal kunye ne-black lead kwi-negative. I-voltage yokuphumla echanekileyo yile:
Ibhetri ye-6V: 6.4-6.6V
Ibhetri ye-8V: 8.4-8.6V
Ibhetri ye-12V: 12.6-12.8V
I-voltage ephantsi ibonisa:
- 6.2V okanye ngaphantsi - 25% itshajiwe okanye ngaphantsi. Ifuna ukutshajiswa.
- 6.0V okanye ngaphantsi - Ifile ngokupheleleyo. Isenokungaphindi iphile.
Tshaja iibhetri zakho emva kokuba zifunde ngaphantsi kwamanqanaba e-voltage afanelekileyo. Emva koko phinda uvavanye i-voltage. Ukufundwa okuphantsi rhoqo kuthetha ukuba iseli yebhetri inokungasebenzi kakuhle.
Okulandelayo, vavanya i-voltage enomthwalo oqhelekileyo wombane ovuliweyo, njengezibane zemoto. I-voltage mayihlale izinzile, ingangeni ngaphezu kwe-0.5V. Ukwehla okukhulu kukhomba kwiibhetri ezibuthathaka ezisokolayo ukubonelela ngombane.
Uvavanyo lwe-voltage lubona imiba yomphezulu efana nemeko yetshaja kunye noqhagamshelo olukhululekileyo. Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya, qhubeka uye kuvavanyo lokulayisha, amandla kunye noqhagamshelo.
Uvavanyo loMthwalo
Uvavanyo lomthwalo luhlalutya indlela iibhetri zakho ezisingatha ngayo umthwalo wombane, zilinganisa iimeko zokwenyani. Sebenzisa umvavanyi womthwalo ophathwa ngesandla okanye umvavanyi wevenkile oqeqeshiweyo.
Landela imiyalelo yovavanyo lomthwalo ukuze uncamathisele ii-clamps kwiiterminals. Vula uvavanyo ukuze usebenzise umthwalo osetiweyo imizuzwana embalwa. Ibhetri esemgangathweni iya kugcina i-voltage ingaphezulu kwe-9.6V (ibhetri ye-6V) okanye i-5.0V ngeseli nganye (ibhetri ye-36V).
Ukwehla kakhulu kwe-voltage ngexesha lovavanyo lomthwalo kubonisa ibhetri enomthamo ophantsi kwaye isondela esiphelweni sobomi bayo. Iibhetri azikwazi ukunika amandla aneleyo xa zixinezelekile.
Ukuba i-voltage yebhetri yakho ibuyela kwimeko yayo yamva nje emva kokususa umthwalo, ibhetri isenokuba isaphila. Kodwa uvavanyo lomthwalo lubonise amandla abuthathaka afuna ukutshintshwa kungekudala.
Uvavanyo lobuchule
Ngelixa umvavanyi womthwalo ejonga i-voltage phantsi komthwalo, i-hydrometer ilinganisa ngokuthe ngqo amandla okutshaja kwebhetri. Yisebenzise kwiibhetri ezigcwele i-electrolyte engamanzi.
Tsala i-electrolyte kwi-hydrometer ene-pipette encinci. Funda inqanaba lokudada kwisikali:
- 1.260-1.280 ubunzima obuthile - Itshajiwe ngokupheleleyo
- 1.220-1.240 - 75% ihlawulisiwe
- 1.200 - 50% ihlawulisiwe
- 1.150 okanye ngaphantsi - Ikhutshiwe
Bala ukufundwa kwiigumbi ezahlukeneyo zeeseli. Ukufundwa okungafaniyo kunokubonisa ukuba iseli nganye inesiphene.
Uvavanyo lweHydrometer yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumanisa ukuba iibhetri zitshaja ngokupheleleyo na. I-Voltage ingafunda itshaja epheleleyo, kodwa uxinano oluphantsi lwe-electrolyte lubonisa ukuba iibhetri azizamkeli itshaja yazo enzulu kangangoko.
Uvavanyo loQhagamshelo
Unxibelelwano olubi phakathi kwebhetri, iintambo, kunye nezixhobo zenqwelo yegalufa lunokubangela ukwehla kwe-voltage kunye neengxaki zokukhupha umbane.
Sebenzisa i-multimeter ukujonga ukumelana noqhagamshelo kuyo yonke indawo:
- Iiterminal zebhetri
- Isiphelo sendlela ukuya kwiintambo zonxibelelwano
- Kubude bentambo
- Iindawo zoqhagamshelwano eziya kubalawuli okanye kwibhokisi yefuse
Naluphi na ufundo olungaphezulu kwe-zero lubonisa ukumelana okuphezulu kokugqwala, uqhagamshelwano olukhululekileyo okanye ukuqhekeka. Hlanza kwaye uqinise unxibelelwano de ukumelana kufundeke njenge-zero.
Kwakhona jonga ngamehlo ukuba akukho ziphelo zentambo ezinyibilikisiweyo, uphawu lokungasebenzi kakuhle kwamandla aphezulu. Iintambo ezonakeleyo kufuneka zitshintshwe.
Njengoko iindawo zonxibelelwano zingenazimpazamo, iibhetri zakho zinokusebenza kakuhle kakhulu.
Isishwankathelo samanyathelo ovavanyo
Ukuze ufumane umfanekiso opheleleyo wempilo yebhetri yenqwelo yakho yegalufa, landela olu landelelwano lupheleleyo lovavanyo:
1. Ukuhlolwa ngokubonakalayo - Jonga umonakalo kunye namanqanaba olwelo.
2. Uvavanyo lweVolthi - Vavanya imeko yokutshaja xa uphumle kwaye uphantsi komthwalo.
3. Uvavanyo lomthwalo - Jonga impendulo yebhetri kwimithwalo yombane.
4. I-Hydrometer - Linganisa umthamo kunye nokukwazi ukutshaja ngokupheleleyo.
5. Uvavanyo loqhagamshelo - Fumanisa iingxaki zokuxhathisa ezibangela ukutsalwa kombane.
Ukudibanisa ezi ndlela zovavanyo kuya kubamba naziphi na iingxaki zebhetri ukuze ukwazi ukuthatha amanyathelo okulungisa ngaphambi kokuba kuphazamiseke ukuhamba kwegalufa.
Ukuhlalutya kunye nokuRekhoda Iziphumo
Ukugcina iirekhodi zeziphumo zovavanyo lwebhetri yakho umjikelo ngamnye kukunika umfanekiso wexesha eliphilayo lebhetri. Idatha yovavanyo lokurekhoda ikuvumela ukuba ubone utshintsho oluhamba kancinci kancinci ekusebenzeni kwebhetri ngaphambi kokuba ingasebenzi ngokupheleleyo.
Kuvavanyo ngalunye, bhala phantsi:
- Umhla kunye neekhilomitha zenqwelo
- IiVolthi, umxhuzulane othile, kunye nokufundwa kokumelana
- Nawaphi na amanqaku ngomonakalo, ukugqwala, amanqanaba olwelo
- Uvavanyo apho iziphumo ziphuma kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo
Khangela iipateni ezifana ne-voltage ephantsi rhoqo, amandla okuphela, okanye ukumelana okuphezulu. Ukuba ufuna iwaranti yeebhetri ezineengxaki, jonga u-d
Nazi ezinye iingcebiso zokufumana okuninzi kwiibhetri zakho zenqwelo yegalufa:
- Sebenzisa itshaja efanelekileyo - Qiniseka ukuba usebenzisa itshaja ehambelana neebhetri zakho ezithile. Ukusebenzisa itshaja engalunganga kunokonakalisa iibhetri ngokuhamba kwexesha.
- Ukutshaja kwindawo enomoya opholileyo - Ukutshaja kuvelisa igesi yehydrogen, ngoko tshaja iibhetri kwindawo evulekileyo ukuthintela ukuqokelelana kwegesi. Ungaze utshaje xa kushushu kakhulu okanye kubanda kakhulu.
- Kuphephe ukutshaja kakhulu - Musa ukushiya iibhetri kwitshaja ixesha elingaphezu kosuku emva kokuba kubonisile ukuba zitshajiwe ngokupheleleyo. Ukutshaja kakhulu kubangela ubushushu obugqithisileyo kwaye kukhawulezise ukulahleka kwamanzi.
- Jonga amanqanaba amanzi phambi kokuba utshaje - Zalisa iibhetri ngamanzi acociweyo kuphela xa kufuneka. Ukuzalisa kakhulu kunokubangela ukuchitheka kwe-electrolyte kunye nokugqwala.
- Vumela iibhetri ziphole ngaphambi kokuba uzitshaje kwakhona - Vumela iibhetri ezishushu ziphole ngaphambi kokuba uzifake ukuze uzitshaje kakuhle. Ubushushu buyanciphisa ukwamkelwa kwetshaja.
- Coca ii-tops zebhetri kunye nee-terminals - Ukungcola kunye nokugqwala kunokuthintela ukutshaja. Gcina iibhetri zicocekile usebenzisa ibrashi yocingo kunye nesisombululo se-baking soda/amanzi.
- Faka izigqubuthelo zeseli ngokuqinileyo - Izigqubuthelo ezikhululekileyo zivumela ukulahleka kwamanzi ngenxa yokufuma. Buyisela izigqubuthelo zeseli ezonakeleyo okanye ezilahlekileyo.
- Nqamla iintambo xa ugcina - Nqanda imisele yamanzi amdaka xa inqwelo yegalufa igcinwa ngokuqhawula iintambo zebhetri.
- Kuphephe ukukhupha iibhetri nzulu - Musa ukuzikhupha iibhetri ziphele. Ukukhupha iibhetri nzulu konakalisa iipleyiti ngokusisigxina kwaye kunciphisa amandla okusebenza.
- Buyisela iibhetri ezindala njengeseti - Ukufaka iibhetri ezintsha ecaleni kwezindala kuyazomeleza iibhetri ezindala kwaye kunciphisa ubomi.
- Phinda usebenzise iibhetri ezindala ngokufanelekileyo - Abathengisi abaninzi baphinda basebenzise iibhetri ezindala simahla. Musa ukubeka iibhetri ze-lead-acid ezisetyenzisiweyo emgqomeni wenkunkuma.
Ukulandela iindlela ezilungileyo zokutshaja, ukulungisa, ukugcina kunye nokutshintsha kuya kuphucula ubomi bebhetri yenqwelo yegalufa kunye nokusebenza kwayo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Septemba-20-2023
