Izixazululo Zokugcina Amandla Eziphezulu Ezinezinhlelo Ezinkulu ze-PROPOW LiFePO4

Ukuqonda Isitoreji Samandla Esiphezulu: Imiqondo Eyisisekelo Nobuchwepheshe

Ingabe uyafuna ukwazi ukuthi isitoreji samandla esiphezulu sisebenza kanjani nokuthi kungani siba yisisombululo esithandwayo sezinhlelo zamandla zasekhaya nezentengiselwano? Ake sihlaziye imibono eyinhloko yalezi zinhlelo, ukuze ubone ukuthi kungani zibalulekile.

Izisekelo zeVoltage kanye nokuncishiswa kokulahlekelwa

Izinhlelo zokugcina amandla kagesi aphezulu zisebenza ngama-voltage aphezulu—ngokuvamile amakhulu ama-volts—uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri endabuko ane-voltage ephansi. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba i-voltage ephezulu ishoamandla aphansi okukhipha amandla afanayoAmandla kagesi aphansi anciphisa ukulahleka kukagesi ezintanjeni nasezintweni, okwenza uhlelo lube ngcono kakhuluisebenza kahle futhi iphephileKalula nje, kuchithwa amandla amancane njengokushisa, futhi isitoreji sakho sisebenza kahle.

Amamojula Ebhethri kanye Nezinzuzo Zeseli le-LiFePO4

Izixazululo eziningi zesimanje ze-high voltage zithembele kumaseli e-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4). Lezi zinikeza izinzuzo eziningana:

• Impilo yomjikelezo omude:Imijikelezo eminingi yokushaja nokukhipha ngaphandle kokuwohloka okukhulu
• Ukuqina kokushisa okwandisiwe:Kuphephile ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu futhi akuthambekeli kakhulu ekushiseni ngokweqile
• Ikhemistri engenayo i-Cobalt:Kunobungani nemvelo futhi akuguquguquki ngokwezimali

Amamojula ebhethri avame ukungenaukulungiselelwa okungafakwa, okuvumela amandla angandiswa ngaphandle kokuxhuma kabusha izintambo okuyinkimbinkimbi.

Izinhlelo Zokuguqulwa Kwamandla kanye nama-Inverter Aqondisa Izinhlangothi Ezimbili

Ukuze kuvalwe igebe phakathi kwamandla e-DC agciniwe kanye namandla e-AC asekhaya noma egridi, izinhlelo ze-voltage ephezulu zisebenzisa ukusethwa kokuguqulwa kwamandla okuthuthukisiwe. Lokhu kufaka phakathiama-inverter aqondisa izinhlangothi ezimbiliokunganikeza ugesi ekhaya lakho futhi kubuyisele ugesi kugridi. Lokhu kuguquguquka kusekela:

• Isipele ngesikhathi sokungasebenzi
• Ukushintsha umthwalo ukuze ushefe kakhulu
• Ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla elanga

Ama-converter e-DC-DC asebenza kahle nawo asiza ekuphatheni amazinga e-voltage ngaphakathi kohlelo ukuze asebenze kahle kakhulu.

Izinhlelo Zokuphatha Ibhethri Zokuphepha Nokuqapha

Ukuphepha kuphambili naphakathi nendawo yokugcina amandla kagesi aphezulu. Izinhlelo zokuphatha ibhethri (i-BMS) ziqapha izici ezibalulekile njenge-voltage, i-current, izinga lokushisa, kanye nesimo sokushaja kweseli ngalinye kanye nemojuli. Lokhu kuvumela uhlelo:

• Vimbela ukushaja ngokweqile noma ukukhishwa okujulile
• Linganisa ama-voltage eseli ukuze wandise impilo yebhethri
• Yazisa abasebenzisi nganoma yimaphi amaphutha noma ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile

Imiklamo emihle ye-BMS iqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yakho yokugcina amandla isebenza ngokwethembeka nangokuphepha, usuku nosuku.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kobuchwepheshe Be-Voltage Ephansi Kuya Kwephezulu

Ngokomlando, amabhethri e-voltage aphansi (ngokuvamile angaphansi kuka-100V) ayebusa kakhulu isitoreji sezindlu nesezentengiselwano ezincane. Kodwa njengoba isidingo somthamo ophezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kwakhula, nesidingo sezixazululo ze-voltage ephezulu sanda.

• Yehlisa izintambo ezinkulu kanye nezingxenye ezisindayo
• Usekeloamabhange amakhulu, anwebekayo ebhethri
• Ivumela ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo nezinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo kanye namagridi ahlakaniphile

Lokhu kuthuthuka kusho ukuthi manje sesingakwazi ukujabulela isitoreji samandla esithembekile, esinamandla, nesisebenziseka kalula kunanini ngaphambili.

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Ukuqonda lezi zinto eziyisisekelo kukusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi kungani izinhlelo zokugcina amandla ebhethri ezinamandla aphezulu zithandwa kakhulu. Zihlanganisa ukusebenza kahle, ukuphepha, kanye nokukhula zibe yiphakheji elungele ikusasa eyenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla ezahlukahlukene.

Amabhethri E-High Voltage vs. Low Voltage: Yikuphi Okungcono Kokugcina Amandla Ekhaya?

Uma unquma phakathi kwamabhethri e-voltage ephezulu (HV) kanye ne-voltage ephansi (LV) okugcina amandla ekhaya, ukuqonda umehluko wawo oyinhloko kukusiza ukuthi ukhethe okuhambisana nezidingo zakho.

Ukusebenza Kahle Nobuningi Bamandla

• Amabhethri E-High Voltage
  • Ngokuvamile inikeza ukuminyana kwamandla okuphezulu
  • Ukusebenza kahle okungcono ngokulahlekelwa amandla okuphansi ngesikhathi sokudlulisa
• Amabhethri Aphansi E-Voltage
  • Ukusebenza kahle okuphansi kancane
  • Ikhulu kakhulu ngenxa yobuningi bamandla obuphansi

Izindleko Zokufaka kanye Nokufaka Amakhebula

Isici	Amabhethri E-High Voltage	Amabhethri Aphansi E-Voltage
Izidingo Zokusebenzisa Amakhebula	Kuncane kakhulu, kudingeka izintambo ezincane	Izintambo ezijiyile neziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu
Izindleko Zokufaka	Izindleko eziphansi zabasebenzi nezinto zokwakha	Kuphezulu ngenxa yokufakwa kwezintambo okunzima

Izinhlelo zikagesi ophezulu zidinga izintambo nezixhumi ezimbalwa, okwenza kube lula ukufaka futhi kuncishiswe izindleko.

Izinzuzo kanye Nobubi Bezinhlelo Ze-High Voltage

Izinzuzo:

• Amamojula amancane, angahlanganiswa abe yizicucu agcina isikhala
• Ukuhlanganiswa okulula nama-inverter nama-solar arrays
• Impilo yomjikelezo omude kanye nokukhula okungcono

Ububi:

• Kudinga izinqubo zokuphepha eziqinile
• Ukusetha kokuqala kungadinga ukuphathwa kochwepheshe

Ukulinganiselwa Kwezixazululo Ze-Voltage Ephansi

• Indawo enkulu yomthamo ofanayo
• Ukulahlekelwa amandla okuphezulu ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwekhebula isikhathi eside
• Ukukhula okulinganiselwe kokwandisa izinhlelo zasekhaya

Ukuqonda Okuqhutshwa Yidatha: Ukonga Amandla kanye Nokuphila Komjikelezo

Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi izinhlelo zikagesi eziphezulu zinikeza ukusebenza kahle okungcono okufika ku-10-15% uma ubuyela emuva, okuhumusha amandla asebenziseka kakhudlwana kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwebhethri. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi nzuzo zokusebenza kahle zinciphisa izikweletu zikagesi futhi zandisa i-ROI iyonke.

Ukuze uthole izinketho ezinemininingwane ngamabhethri e-LiFePO4 angakhuliswa futhi angahlanganiswa, hlolaIzinhlelo zokugcina amandla ezinamandla aphezulu ze-PROPOWeyenzelwe izidingo zamandla ezindlu.

Izicelo Eziyinhloko: Ukulungisa Izixazululo Ze-High Voltage Ezidingweni Zakho

Izinhlelo zokugcina amandla kagesi aphezulu zifanelana nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi, zinikeza amandla angakhuliswa kanye nokusebenza kahle noma kuphi lapho zidingeka khona kakhulu.

Ukusekela indlu yonke endlini:

Amabhethri e-voltage ephezulu ahlinzeka ngamandla okusekela athembekile, asebenza ekhaya lonke ngesikhathi sokungasebenzi. Ngamabhethri e-LiFePO4 angakwazi ukuhlanganiswa, abanikazi bezindlu bathola impilo ende yomjikelezo kanye nesitoreji esiphephile esingenayo i-cobalt uma kuqhathaniswa nezinketho zendabuko. Lezi zinhlelo zihlangana kalula nezilungiselelo zamandla elanga ezikhona, ziqinisekisa amandla ahlanzekile, aqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Ukushefa okuphezulu kwezentengiselwano kanye nezimboni:

Amabhizinisi angasebenzisa isitoreji samandla esiphezulu ukunciphisa izindleko zokufunwa ngokushefa iziqongo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa okuphezulu. Lawa makabhinethi okugcina amandla e-modular asekela ama-microgrid axhunywe kugridi agcina ukusebenza kubushelelezi futhi anciphise ukuncika kugridi yokusetshenziswa, okuthuthukisa ukuqina kwamandla ezimboni.

Ukulawulwa kwemvamisa yesikali sensiza kanye nokwenza kube lula okuvuselelwayo:

Ngezinga elikhulu, izinhlelo zokugcina amandla ebhethri ezinamandla aphezulu (i-BESS) zisiza ekuqiniseni igridi. Zilinganisela ukushintshashintsha kokunikezwa kanye nesidingo, zilungise imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengomoya kanye nelanga. Lokhu kusekela ukuzinza okungcono kwegridi futhi kunciphisa ukuncishiswa okuvuselelwayo.

Izindawo ezintsha: Ukushaja kwe-EV kanye nokunyakaza kolwandle:

Isitoreji se-voltage ephezulu siyanda ukudonseka eziteshini zokushaja okusheshayo zezimoto zikagesi (EV), okunikeza ukwanda kwamandla okudingekayo kanye nobuningi bamandla ngaphandle kokucindezela igridi. Ngokufanayo, izinhlelo zokuhambisa zasolwandle, ezidinga imithombo yamandla emincane, ethembekile, nephumelelayo, ziyazuza ezixazululweni zebhethri le-voltage ephezulu yokugcina amandla ezingahlanganiswa.

Ngokulungisa lezi zixazululo zokugcina amandla ezinamandla aphezulu ngokwezidingo zakho ezithile—kungaba sekhaya, ebhizinisini, noma ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini kanye nezokuthutha—uvumela ukuphathwa kwamandla okuhlakaniphile nokuqinile. Ukuze uhlole izinketho ezinemininingwane, hlola uhla lwe-PROPOW lwamabhethri e-LiFePO4 angakwazi ukuxhunywa aklanyelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene.

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olujulile mayelana nokusetha isitoreji samandla aphezulu, vakashela i-PROPOW's comprehensiveizinhlelo zokugcina amandla kagesi aphezuluikhasi.

Ukugqanyiswa kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla aphezulu e-PROPOW: Izici Ezisenza Sihluke

Uma kukhulunywa ngokuthiizixazululo zokugcina amandla aphezulu, i-PROPOW ivelele ngochungechunge lwayo olusha lwebhethri oluhlanganisiwe olwenzelwe ukuguquguquka namandla.

Ukubuka Konke Kochungechunge Lwebhethri Elingaguquki le-PROPOW

• Umklamo we-Modularikuvumela ukuthi wengeze amabhethri njengoba izidingo zakho zamandla zikhula.
• UkusetshenziswaI-LiFePO4 (i-lithium iron phosphate)amaseli ukuze aphile isikhathi eside futhi agcineke ephephile, engena-cobalt.
• Yakhelwei-BESS enamandla aphezuluukusetha, okunikeza amandla amaningi asebenzayo ngendlela encane.

Imininingwane Yokusebenza kanye Nokwanda Kwe-Modular

Isici	Imininingwane
I-Voltage Ejwayelekile	Ububanzi be-400 V – 600 V
Umthamo ngemodyuli ngayinye	Izinketho ze-5 kWh - 10 kWh
Ukunwebeka	Beka amamojula afinyelela ku-10 noma ngaphezulu
Ukukhishwa okuphezulu okuqhubekayo	Kufika ku-100 A
Ukuxhumana	Ibhasi le-CAN kanye nosekelo lwe-RS485

Lokhu kuguquguquka kwenza i-PROPOW ifaneleke kakhuluisitoreji samandla elanga ekhaya, isipele sebhethri lezentengiso, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisezingeni lokusetshenziswa.

Izici Zokuphepha kanye Neziqinisekiso Zokuthembeka

• Kwakhelwe ngaphakathiizinhlelo zokuphatha ibhethri (i-BMS)vikela ekushajeni ngokweqile, ukujikeleza okufushane, kanye nokushisa ngokweqile.
• Ibhokisi eliqinile nelingashi umlilo limelana nezimo ezinzima.
• Kufakazelweamabhethri e-voltage ephezulu okugcina amandlaukuthembeka ngezilinganiso zokuphila komjikelezo ezingaphezu kuka-3000+.

Umklamo Womsebenzisi Ophakathi kanye Nokuhambisana Kwe-Inverter

• Yakhelwe nge-plug-and-play setting ukuze kube lula ukuyifaka.
• Iyahambisana neningiama-inverter aqondisa izinhlangothi ezimbilikanye nezinhlelo zamandla ezihlakaniphile emakethe yase-US.
• Unyawo oluncane lufanelanaamakhabethe okugcina amandla e-modularukuze wonge isikhala.

Izinhlelo ze-PROPOW zihlanganisa ukuphepha, ukunwebeka, kanye nokulula kokusetshenziswa, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhlakaniphile kunoma ubani ofuna ukuthuthukisa isitoreji sakhe samandla ngokuthembeka.izixazululo zebhethri ezinamandla aphezulu.

Umhlahlandlela Wokusebenza: Ukufaka Nokuhlanganisa Izinhlelo Ze-PROPOW High Voltage

Ukuqalisa nokusebenzisa uhlelo lwakho lokugcina amandla olusebenzisa amandla aphezulu lwe-PROPOW kulula uma ulandela izinyathelo ezifanele. Nasi umhlahlandlela osheshayo wokukusiza ngokufaka, ukuhlanganisa, kanye nokulungisa.

Ukufakwa Nokuqalwa Kwesinyathelo Ngesinyathelo

• Ukulungiswa kwendawo:Khetha indawo eyomile, enomoya omuhle futhi kulula ukuyilungisa.
• Ukufaka:Sebenzisa amakhabethe okugcina amandla e-PROPOW noma ama-rack ebhethri angahlanganiswa ukuze usethe izinto eziguquguqukayo.
• Ukuxhuma izintambo:Xhuma uhlelo kuphaneli yakho kagesi ekhona kanye ne-solar array ngezintambo ezifanele ze-high-voltage ukuze unciphise ukulahleka.
• Ukuhlolwa kwesistimu:Vuselela futhi usebenzise ukuhlola ngezinhlelo zokuphatha ibhethri ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amamojula ayaxhumana futhi asebenza kahle.
• Ukugunyazwa:Lungiselela i-inverter yakho eqondiswe ohlangothini ngalunye ukuze ivumele ukugeleza kwamandla okushelelayo phakathi kwekhaya, igridi, kanye nebhange lebhethri.

Ukuhambisana nama-Solar Arrays kanye ne-Smart Home Systems

Izinhlelo ze-PROPOW zakhiwe ngokucabangela ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo. Zisebenza kahle nalokhu:

• Amaphaneli elanga afakwe ophahleni noma ama-ground arrays avamile emakhaya ase-US
• Amapulatifomu okuphatha amandla ahlakaniphile asekhaya adumile ukuze uthuthukise ukuthi uwasebenzisa nini futhi kanjani amandla agciniwe
• Ama-microgrid aboshwe ngegridi kanye nezixazululo zokushefa ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezivame ukutholakala kumasethingi ezentengiselwano

Izinkinga Ezivamile Nokuxazulula Izinkinga

Nakuba izinhlelo ze-PROPOW zithembekile, qaphela:

• Ukuxhumeka okuxekethile okuvela ekusethweni kwekhabhinethi ye-modular — hlola kabili izintambo njalo
• Amaphutha okuxhumana ohlelweni lokuphathwa kwebhethri — ukusetha kabusha okusheshayo kuvame ukulungisa lokhu
• Izexwayiso zokulayisha ngokweqile ngenxa yezilungiselelo ze-inverter ezingafanele — qinisekisa ukuhambisana ngesikhathi sokufakwa

Ukulungiswa kanye nokuvuselelwa kwe-Firmware

• Ukuhlolwa okuvamile:Hlola ama-terminals namamojula ebhethri njalo ngekota ukuze ubone izimpawu zokuguguleka noma ukugqwala.
• I-Firmware:I-PROPOW inikeza izibuyekezo emoyeni ukuze isistimu yakho isebenze kahle futhi ngokuphephile—qinisekisa ukuthi uxhumano lwakho lwe-Wi-Fi noma inethiwekhi luzinzile ukuze lutholakale.
• Ukuphepha:Landela njalo izinyathelo zokuphepha ngesikhathi sokulungisa, okuhlanganisa nokunqamula ugesi ngaphambi kokusebenza ohlelweni.

Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo, uzokwandisa ukusebenza kanye nobude besikhathi besistimu yakho yokugcina amandla ene-PROPOW high voltage, uqinisekise ukuthi i-backup yamandla ithembekile iminyaka ezayo.

Izinzuzo kanye ne-ROI: Kungani I-High Voltage Ikhokhela Isikhathi Eside

Ukutshala imali kuizixazululo zokugcina amandla aphezulukuletha inani langempela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi kubanikazi bezindlu base-US kanye namabhizinisi afuna ukunciphisa izindleko nokuthuthukisa ukuthembeka. Nansi indlela ukuhamba ngogesi ophezulu okusiza ngayo:

Ukuzuza Kokusebenza Kahle kanye Nokuncishiswa Kokuxhomekeka Kwegridi

• I-BESS enamandla aphezulu (i-Battery Energy Storage Systems) isebenza ngokulahlekelwa amandla okuncane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amandla amaningi owakhayo noma owagcinayo ayasetshenziswa - okwandisa ukusebenza kahle okuphelele.
• Ukwehla kwamandla kagesi kusho izintambo ezincane kanye nokushisa okuncane, okunciphisa nokulahlekelwa amandla.
• Ukuthembela okuncane kugridi kusho ukuthi ungonga ngesikhathi sezinga eliphezulu, ugcine izikweletu zakho zikagesi ziphansi.

Izifundo Zamacala Zangempela kanye Nomthelela Wezemvelo

• Izindlu ezineamabhethri e-LiFePO4 angakwazi ukuqiniswazikhombisa ukugcinwa kwamandla okungcono ngo-15% uma kuqhathaniswa nokusethwa kwamandla aphansi.
• Amasayithi ezentengiselwano asebenzisa umbiko wokusekela ibhethri onamandla aphezulu okunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi kanye nemiphumela engcono yokushefa — okusindisa izinkulungwane zemali yesevisi.
• Ukusebenzisa isitoreji se-lithium iron phosphate esiphephile, esingenayo i-cobalt kunciphisa ubungozi bemvelo ngenkathi kusekela izidingo zamandla ahlanzekile futhi aluhlaza.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwezindleko Nokonga Ngezikhuthazo

Isici	Inzuzo	Umphumela Wesibonelo
Izindleko Zokufaka Eziphansi	Izintambo ezincane kanye nama-inverter amancane	Igcina u-$500–$1000 kusengaphambili
Ukusebenza Kahle Kwamandla	Ukulahlekelwa okuncane kusho amandla asebenziseka kakhudlwana	Ukonga amandla okungu-10-15% ngonyaka
Impilo Yomjikelezo Omude	Amaseli e-LiFePO4 ahlala isikhathi eside	Izindleko zokufaka esikhundleni zincishiswe ngesigamu
Izikhuthazo kanye Nezaphulelo	Amakhredithi entela kahulumeni kanye nowesifundazwe	Kufika ku-30% isaphulelo ezindlekweni zesistimu

Hlanganisa lokhu nezikhuthazo zendawo emazweni amaningi ase-US zokuhlanganiswa okuvuselelwayo kanye nezinhlelo zebhethri, futhi imbuyiselo yakho ekutshalweni kwemali iba namandla nakakhulu.

Kafushane: Izinhlelo zokugcina amandla kagesi aphezulu zinengqondo ngokwezimali ngoba zonga amandla, zinciphisa izikweletu, futhi zihlala isikhathi eside — konke lokhu ngenkathi zisekela igridi kagesi ehlanzekile neqinile.

Izinselele kanye Nezindlela Zesikhathi Esizayo Zokugcina Amandla Aphezulu

Izinselele Zokulawula Nokuhlinzeka Ngempahla

Izixazululo zokugcina amandla kagesi aphezulu zibhekene nezingqinamba ezikhulayo zomthetho njengoba amazinga okuphepha kanye nemithetho yokuxhumana kwegridi ishintsha kulo lonke elase-US. Lokhu kungenza ukufakwa kube lula, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zezentengiselwano nezikahle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuphazamiseka kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla—okubangelwa ukushoda kwezinto zomhlaba wonke kanye nokubambezeleka kokuthunyelwa—kuthinta ukutholakala kwezingxenye ezibalulekile ezifana namaseli e-lithium iron phosphate kanye nama-electronics kagesi. Ukubhekana nalezi zinselele kudinga ukutholakala okuguquguqukayo nokuhlala usesikhathini nezinqubomgomo ezishintshayo.

Ukusungula izinto ezintsha: Izinhlelo Ezilungiselelwe I-AI Namabhethri Esimo Esiqinile

Ngasohlangothini lokusungula izinto ezintsha, ubuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile bushintsha ukuphathwa kwebhethri elinamandla aphezulu. Izinhlelo zokugcina amandla ezisebenzisa i-AI zithuthukisa imijikelezo yokushaja nokukhipha ukuze kusebenze kahle futhi kuphile isikhathi eside, kunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhethri e-solid-state athembisa isitoreji esiphephile nesinobuningi ngokushaja okusheshayo—okungase kuguqule isimo sokugcina amandla eminyakeni ezayo. Lezi ntuthuko zizosekela ama-microgrid axhumene negridi athembekile futhi angabizi kakhulu kanye nezixazululo zokusekela amabhethri ezentengiselwano.

Imephu Yesikhathi Esizayo ye-PROPOW kanye Nokuhlanganiswa Kwe-Microgrid

Kwa-PROPOW, sizibophezele ekuqhubekiseleni phambili isitoreji samandla aphezulu. Imikhiqizo yethu ezayo izogxila ekuthuthukisweni kwe-modularity, ukufakwa okusheshayo, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla zasekhaya nezikagesi welanga ezihlakaniphile. Siphinde sakha izixazululo ezithuthukisiwe ezilungele i-microgrid ezenzelwe ukushefa okungcono kakhulu kanye nokwenza kube bushelelezi obuvuselelekayo—kusiza imiphakathi namabhizinisi ukukhulisa ukuqina kwamandla. Nge-PROPOW, uthola ubuchwepheshe obuvikela ikusasa obakhelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla ezishintshashintshayo zaseMelika.