Uhlelo lokugcina amandla ebhethri, olwaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-BESS, lusebenzisa amabhethri amaningi aphinde ashajwe ukuze lugcine ugesi owengeziwe ovela kugridi noma emithonjeni evuselelekayo ukuze lusetshenziswe kamuva. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo kanye negridi ehlakaniphile buthuthuka, izinhlelo ze-BESS zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuqiniseni izimpahla zamandla nokukhulisa inani lamandla aluhlaza. Ngakho-ke lezi zinhlelo zisebenza kanjani ngempela?
Isinyathelo 1: Ibhange Lebhethri
Isisekelo sanoma iyiphi i-BESS yindawo yokugcina amandla - amabhethri. Amamojula amaningi ebhethri noma "amaseli" ahlanganiswa ndawonye ukuze akhe "ibhange lebhethri" elinikeza umthamo wokugcina odingekayo. Amaseli asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-lithium-ion ngenxa yobuningi bawo bamandla aphezulu, isikhathi eside sokuphila kanye nekhono lokushaja ngokushesha. Amanye amakhemikhali afana namabhethri e-lead-acid kanye nokugeleza nawo asetshenziswa kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Isinyathelo 2: Uhlelo Lokuguqulwa Kwamandla
Ibhange lebhethri lixhuma kugridi kagesi ngesistimu yokuguqula amandla noma i-PCS. I-PCS yakhiwe izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi zamandla njenge-inverter, i-converter, kanye nezihlungi ezivumela amandla ukuthi ageleze kuzo zombili izinhlangothi phakathi kwebhethri negridi. I-inverter iguqula i-direct current (DC) kusuka ebhethrini ibe yi-alternating current (AC) esetshenziswa yigridi, futhi i-converter yenza okuphambene nalokho ukuze ishaje ibhethri.
Isinyathelo 3: Uhlelo Lokuphathwa Kwebhethri
Uhlelo lokuphatha ibhethri, noma i-BMS, luqapha futhi lulawula iseli ngalinye lebhethri ngaphakathi kwebhange lebhethri. I-BMS ibhalansisa amaseli, ilawula i-voltage kanye nomsinga ngesikhathi sokushaja nokukhipha, futhi ivikela ekulimaleni okuvela ekushajeni ngokweqile, ukushaja ngokweqile noma ukukhishwa okujulile. Iqapha amapharamitha abalulekile njenge-voltage, umsinga kanye nokushisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwebhethri kanye nokuphila kwayo.
Isinyathelo 4: Uhlelo Lokupholisa
Uhlelo lokupholisa lususa ukushisa okweqile kumabhethri ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Lokhu kubalulekile ekugcineni amaseli esezingeni lawo lokushisa elifanele kanye nokwandisa impilo yomjikelezo. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokupholisa ezisetshenziswayo ukupholisa okuketshezi (ngokuhambisa i-coolant ngamapuleti athintana namabhethri) kanye nokupholisa umoya (ukusebenzisa amafeni ukuphoqa umoya ukuthi udlule ezivalweni zamabhethri).
Isinyathelo 5: Ukusebenza
Ngesikhathi sokudingeka kukagesi okuphansi noma ukukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo okuphezulu, i-BESS imunca amandla amaningi ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokuguqulwa kwamandla bese iwagcina ebhange lebhethri. Uma isidingo siphezulu noma amandla avuselelekayo engatholakali, amandla agciniwe akhishwa abuyele kugridi nge-inverter. Lokhu kuvumela i-BESS ukuthi "ishintshe isikhathi" amandla avuselelekayo ngezikhathi ezithile, izinzise imvamisa yegridi kanye ne-voltage, futhi inikeze amandla okusekelayo ngesikhathi sokungasebenzi.
Uhlelo lokuphatha ibhethri luqapha isimo sokushaja kweseli ngayinye futhi lulawula izinga lokushaja nokukhipha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushaja ngokweqile, ukushisa ngokweqile kanye nokukhipha okujulile kwamabhethri - kwandise impilo yawo esebenzisekayo. Futhi uhlelo lokupholisa lusebenza ukugcina izinga lokushisa lebhethri liphelele ngaphakathi kwebanga lokusebenza eliphephile.
Ngamafuphi, uhlelo lokugcina amandla ebhethri lusebenzisa amabhethri, izingxenye zikagesi zamandla, izilawuli ezihlakaniphile kanye nokuphathwa kokushisa ndawonye ngendlela ehlanganisiwe yokugcina ugesi owengeziwe nokukhipha amandla uma kudingeka. Lokhu kuvumela ubuchwepheshe be-BESS ukuthi bukhulise inani lemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, benze amagridi kagesi asebenze kahle futhi aqhubeke isikhathi eside, futhi busekele ukushintshela esikhathini esizayo samandla aphansi.
Njengoba imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengamandla elanga nawomoya ikhula, izinhlelo zokugcina amandla ebhethri ezinkulu (i-BESS) zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuqiniseni amagridi kagesi. Uhlelo lokugcina amandla ebhethri lusebenzisa amabhethri ashajwayo ukugcina ugesi owengeziwe ovela kugridi noma kuma-renewables futhi lubuyisele lawo mandla emuva uma kudingeka. Ubuchwepheshe be-BESS buyasiza ekukhuliseni ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo ngezikhathi ezithile futhi buthuthukisa ukuthembeka kwegridi iyonke, ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusimama.
I-BESS ngokuvamile iqukethe izingxenye eziningi:
1) Amabhange ebhethri enziwe ngamamojula noma amaseli amaningi ebhethri ukuze anikeze amandla okugcina amandla adingekayo. Amabhethri e-Lithium-ion asetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yobuningi bawo bamandla aphezulu, isikhathi eside sokuphila kanye nokukwazi ukushaja okusheshayo. Amanye amakhemikhali afana namabhethri e-lead-acid kanye nokugeleza nawo ayasetshenziswa.
2) Uhlelo lokuguqula amandla (PCS) oluxhumanisa ibhange lebhethri negridi kagesi. I-PCS iqukethe i-inverter, i-converter kanye neminye imishini yokulawula evumela amandla ukuthi ageleze kuzo zombili izinhlangothi phakathi kwebhethri negridi.
3) Uhlelo lokuphatha ibhethri (i-BMS) oluqapha futhi lulawule isimo kanye nokusebenza kwamaseli ebhethri ngamanye. I-BMS ibhalansisa amaseli, ivikela ekulimaleni kokushaja ngokweqile noma ukukhishwa okujulile, futhi iqapha amapharamitha afana ne-voltage, i-current kanye nezinga lokushisa.
4) Uhlelo lokupholisa olususa ukushisa okweqile kumabhethri. Ukupholisa okusekelwe kuketshezi noma emoyeni kusetshenziselwa ukugcina amabhethri ngaphakathi kwebanga lawo lokushisa lokusebenza elifanele futhi kwandise isikhathi sokuphila.
5) Indlu noma isitsha esivikela futhi sivikele lonke uhlelo lwebhethri. Izindawo zokuvala amabhethri zangaphandle kumele zivikeleke esimweni sezulu futhi zikwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu.
Imisebenzi eyinhloko ye-BESS yile:
• Munca amandla amaningi avela kugridi ngezikhathi zesidingo esiphansi bese uwakhulula lapho isidingo siphezulu. Lokhu kusiza ekuqiniseni ukuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi kanye nemvamisa.
• Gcina amandla avuselelekayo avela emithonjeni efana ne-solar PV kanye nama-wind farms anomphumela oguquguqukayo nongahleliwe, bese uletha lawo mandla agciniwe lapho ilanga lingakhanyi noma umoya ungavunguzi. Lokhu kushintsha isikhathi samandla avuselelekayo sibe lapho edingeka kakhulu.
• Nikeza amandla okusekela ngesikhathi sokungasebenzi kahle kwegridi noma ukungasebenzi ukuze kugcinwe ingqalasizinda ebalulekile isebenza, kungaba kwimodi yesiqhingi noma eboshwe ngegridi.
• Bamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zesevisi ezihambisanayo zokuphendula isidingo ngokwandisa noma ukwehlisa ukukhishwa kwamandla uma kudingeka, ukuhlinzeka ngokulawulwa kwemvamisa kanye nezinye izinsizakalo zegridi.
Ekuphetheni, njengoba amandla avuselelekayo eqhubeka nokukhula njengephesenti lamagridi kagesi emhlabeni jikelele, izinhlelo zokugcina amandla ebhethri ezinkulu zizodlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni lawo mandla ahlanzekile athembeke futhi atholakale ubusuku nemini. Ubuchwepheshe be-BESS buzosiza ukukhulisa inani lama-regeneratives, buqinise amagridi kagesi futhi busekele ukushintshela ekusaseni lamandla elizinzile, elingenakhabhoni eningi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-07-2023
