Amabhethri Enqola Yegalofu ye-IP67 Amandla E-Lithium Angangeni Manzi Okusetshenziswa Ngaphandle

Amabhethri Enqola Yegalofu ye-IP67 Amandla E-Lithium Angangeni Manzi Okusetshenziswa Ngaphandle

Kusho ukuthini Isilinganiso se-IP67 kumabhethri enqola yegalofu?

Uma kukhulunywa ngokuthiAmabhethri enqola yegalofu ye-IP67, ikhodi ye-IP ikutshela kahle ukuthi ibhethri livikelwe kahle kangakanani ezintweni eziqinile kanye noketshezi. Igama elithi "IP" limeleUkuvikelwa Kokungena, nezinombolo ezimbili ezibonisa izinga lokuzivikela:

Idijithi Yekhodi Incazelo
6 Ukuvimbela uthuli: Akukho ukungena kothuli
7 Ukucwiliswa emanzini kufikela kumitha eli-1 imizuzu engama-30

Lokhu kusho ukuthi amabhethri enqola yegalofu anesilinganiso se-IP67 awangeni uthuli ngokuphelele futhi angamelana nokucwiliswa emanzini isikhashana ngaphandle kokulimala.

Izilinganiso ze-IP67 vs. Eziphansi: Uyini Umehluko?

Ukuze kuqhathaniswe:

Isilinganiso Ukuvikelwa Kothuli Ukuvikelwa Kwamanzi
I-IP65 Ivimbe uthuli Amajethi amanzi avela kunoma iyiphi indlela (hhayi ukucwiliswa)
I-IP67 Ivimbe uthuli Ukucwiliswa emanzini okwesikhashana kuze kufike kumitha eli-1

Amabhethri enqola yegalofu anezilinganiso ze-IP67 anikeza isivikelo samanzi esiqinile kunalawo anezilinganiso ze-IP65, okwenza afaneleke kakhuluukudlala igalofu ngaphandle ezimweni ezimanzi noma ezinothuli.

Ukuvikelwa Kwangempela Endleleni

Cabanga ngezinqola zegalofu ezivezwe ku:

  • Imvula noma ukuchaphaza okuvela emachibini
  • Uthuli lwaqala emigwaqweni eyomile nenesihlabathi
  • Izifutho ezivela kuma-sprinkler noma ezindleleni ezinodaka
  • Ukuguga okuvamile eduze kwezinduku nezithiyo

Amabhethri e-IP67 ahlala evaliwe futhi ephephile, evimbela umswakama nothuli ukuthi kungabangela amabhulukwe amafushane, ukugqwala, noma ukwehluleka kwebhethri.

Izinzuzo Zokuphepha Ongazithemba

Ngamabhethri enqola yegalofu ye-lithium enesilinganiso se-IP67, uthola:

  • Ingozi ephansi yezingubo ezimfushane zikagesiesimweni sezulu esimanzi
  • Ukuvikelwa ekugqwaleni nasekugqwaleni okonakalisa impilo yebhethri
  • Ukuthembeka okuthuthukisiwe phakathi nezinsuku zemvula noma isimo sezulu esingalindelekile

Ukukhetha i-IP67ibhethri lenqola yegalofu elingangeni manzikusho ukukhathazeka okuncane ngomonakalo wemvelo kodwa ugxile kakhulu emdlalweni wakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imvelo ikuphikisela ini.

Kungani Kufanele Ukhethe Amabhethri Anesilinganiso se-IP67 Enqoleni Yakho Yegalofu?

Amabhethri enqola yegalofu anesilinganiso se-IP67 akhiwe aqinile ukusetshenziswa kuzo zonke izimo zezulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhamba ngesivinini esikhulu emvuleni, othulini, noma ezimweni ezinomswakama enkundleni yegalofu, lawa mabhethri ahlala evikelekile. Isilinganiso se-IP67 sisho ukuthi awakwazi uthuli futhi angamelana nokucwiliswa emanzini afinyelela kumitha eli-1 ukujula imizuzu engama-30—ngakho umswakama ngeke ungene ngokunyenya ubangele umonakalo noma ukwehluleka.

Izinzuzo Zokuvikelwa kwe-IP67 Kwamabhethri Enqola Yegalofu:

  • Ukuqina kokusetshenziswa kwangaphandle:Ayimelani nemvula, udaka kanye nokungcola
  • Isikhathi sokuphila esinwetshiwe:Amathuba amancane okugqwala noma amabhulukwe amafushane avela kumswakama
  • Ukuthembeka unyaka wonke:Kuhle kakhulu kubadlali begalofu ezindaweni ezishintshashintshayo
  • Ukuba nokuthula:Akukho ukukhathazeka ngesimo sezulu okubangela izimanga
Isici Amabhethri Endabuko E-Lead-Acid Amabhethri enqola yegalofu ye-IP67 Lithium
Ukumelana Namanzi Nothuli Okuphansi - okuvame ukugqwala Iphakeme - ivalwe ngokuphelele futhi ayivumeli umswakama
Ukulungiswa Ukunisela njalo nokuhlola Akukho ukulungiswa
Isikhathi Sokuphila Kufushane ngenxa yezingozi zokugqwala Isikhathi eside ngenxa yomklamo ovaliwe
Isisindo Okunzima Ilula ukuze isebenze kangcono
Ukuphepha Kudingeka ukukhishwa komoya, izingozi zokuvuza Kuphephile, akukho ukuvuza kwe-asidi noma intuthu

Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri endabuko e-lead-acid,Amabhethri enqola yegalofu ye-lithium ye-IP67inikeza isivikelo esingcono kakhulu kanye nokuqina. Idizayini evaliwe ivimbela amanzi nothuli ekubangeleni amabhulukwe amafushane, ukugqwala, noma ukwehluleka kusenesikhathi—izinkinga ezivamile ngezinhlobo zamabhethri amadala. Lokho kuzenza zibe ngcono uma ufuna amandla athembekile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sezulu sinjani.

Kulabo abafuna amabhethri enqola yegalofu athembekile asebenza kuzo zonke izimo, hlolaIzinketho zebhethri le-lithium elilinganiselwe yi-IP67kungaba yinto eshintsha umdlalo, ilethe ukuqina nokuthula kwengqondo ngaphandle.

Amabhethri enqola yegalofu ye-lithium vs. i-lead-acid: i-Waterproof Edge

Uma kukhulunywa ngamabhethri enqola yegalofu angangeni manzi, amamodeli e-lithium akhanya kakhulu kunezinketho ze-lead-acid. Amabhethri enqola yegalofu ye-lithium ye-IP67 alula, awadingi ukunakekelwa, futhi akhiwe ukuze ahlale isikhathi eside. Ngokungafani namabhethri e-lead-acid, adinga ukunisela nokukhipha umoya njalo, amabhethri e-lithium avaliwe anesilinganiso se-IP67 awangeni uthuli ngokuphelele futhi awangenisi amanzi, okusho ukuthi awekho ukukhathazeka ngokugqwala noma umonakalo ovela emswakama.

Amabhethri e-lithium ashaja ngokushesha futhi aphatha imijikelezo eminingi, ngakho uthola ukusebenza okungcono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Yebo, izindleko zangaphambili ziphakeme kunezamabhethri e-lead-acid yendabuko, kodwa isikhathi eside sokuphila kanye nokugcinwa okuncishisiwe kungaphezu kwalokho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinketho ze-lithium zinobungani kakhulu nemvelo, zigwema amakhemikhali anobuthi atholakala kumaphakethe e-lead-acid.

Kunoma ubani ofuna ukuthuthukisa ngebhethri le-LiFePO4 elingangenisi simo sezulu, ukukhetha i-lithium enesilinganiso se-IP67 kusho izinkinga ezimbalwa kanye nebhethri lenqola yegalofu elithembekile, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zemvula noma ezinothuli. Uma ufuna ukuhlola amabhethri enqola yegalofu athembekile, asebenza kuzo zonke izimo, hlola izinketho zakamuva ezinezivikelo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ku-Isayithi lamandla le-ProPow.

Izici Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzibheke Kumabhethri Enqola Yegalofu ye-IP67

Uma ukhetha amabhethri enqola yegalofu ye-IP67, gxila ezicini ezithuthukisa ukusebenza, ukuphepha, kanye nokulula. Nakhu okufanele ukuhlole:

Isici Kungani Kubalulekile
I-BMS eyakhelwe ngaphakathi (Uhlelo Lokuphatha Ibhethri) Ivikela ekushajeni ngokweqile, ekukhipheni ngokweqile, kanye nasezingxenyeni ezimfushane ukuze kwandiswe isikhathi sebhethri futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha.
Amanani aphezulu okukhishwa Kudingeka ukuze kunikwe amandla amagquma futhi kusheshiswe ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla.
Izinketho Zomthamo (100Ah+) Umthamo omkhulu usho ukuhamba isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokushaja kabusha—kuhle kakhulu kuma-golf rounds ande noma ukusetshenziswa emsebenzini.
Ukuhambisana Kwenqola Qiniseka ukuthi amabhethri ayalingana namamodeli adumile njenge-EZGO, iClub Car, iYamaha ukuze kube lula ukuwashintsha.
Ukuqapha kwe-Bluetooth Impilo yebhethri yesikhathi sangempela kanye nolwazi lwesimo efonini yakho—luwusizo ekulandeleleni ukusebenza.
Ukushaja Okusheshayo Inciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula phakathi kwemizuliswano ngezikhathi zokushaja okusheshayo.
Iziqinisekiso Eziqinile Funa ukumbozwa okuqinile okuvikela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwakho iminyaka eminingana.

Lezi zici zenza amabhethri enqola yegalofu ye-lithium alinganiswe nge-IP67 avelele njengezinketho eziqinile, ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi ezilula ukuzinakekela—afanelekela abadlali begalofu base-US abadinga amandla aqinile futhi athembekile.

Izinzuzo Eziphezulu Zokuthuthukela Kumabhethri Enqola Yegalofu Ye-Lithium ye-IP67

Ukuthuthukela ku-Amabhethri enqola yegalofu ye-lithium ye-IP67ikunikeza izinzuzo ezinkulu kunezendabuko. Nakhu ongakulindela:

Inzuzo Incazelo Kungani Kubalulekile
Ibanga Elide Amamayela angu-50-70 ngokushaja ngakunye (kuncike kumodeli) Ama-round amaningi ngaphandle kokushaja kabusha
Ukushaja Okusheshayo Ishaja ngokushesha kunezinketho ze-lead-acid Konga isikhathi, kukubuyisela endleleni ngokushesha
Ukulungiswa Okungaphelele Akukho ukuchelela noma ukuhlanza okudingekayo Ayinazinkinga, ngokungafani namabhethri e-lead-acid
Isisindo Esilula Ukuphathwa okulula kanye nesivinini senqola esithuthukisiwe Ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusebenza kahle okungcono
Ukuphepha Okuthuthukisiwe Isilinganiso se-IP67 esingangeni manzi futhi esingangeni uthuli Kunciphisa ingozi yokugqokwa amabhulukwe amafushane, ukugqwala, kanye nokushisa ngokweqile

Kungani Lezi Zinzuzo Zibalulekile

  • Ibanga elidekusho ukuthi akudingeki uyeke phakathi nomdlalo noma uphelelwe amandla ngesikhathi sohambo lolwandle noma umqhudelwano wendawo.
  • Ukushaja okusheshayoifanelana nezikhathi ezimatasa, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokungcebeleka lapho izinqola zidinga khona izikhathi zokushintsha ngokushesha.
  • Akukho ukulungiswaifanela kahle abanikazi bezinqola zegalofu abafuna ibhethri elithembekile ngaphandle kokunakekelwa njalo.
  • Amabhethri alulaukuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwenqola, okwenza kube lula ukuhamba emagqumeni nasezindaweni ezimagebhugebhu.
  • Ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuzinza kokushisanikeza ukuzethemba ngokushayela inqola yakho ezimweni ezimanzi noma ezinothuli, ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kwebhethri.

Uma ugibela enkundleni yegalofu noma eduze kwendawo yakini, noma uphatha izimoto, uthuthukela endaweni eqinileIbhethri lenqola yegalofu ye-lithium ye-IP67kuyisinyathelo esiqinile. Iletha ukusebenza kwangempela, ukuqina, kanye nokuthula kwengqondo konke kuphakheji eyodwa.

Indlela Yokukhetha Ibhethri Elifanele Le-IP67 Lenqola Yakho Yegalofu

Ukukhetha kwesokudlaIbhethri lenqola yegalofu ye-IP67kusho ukufanisa izidingo zenqola yakho nemininingwane engcono kakhulu. Nasi umhlahlandlela osheshayo wokukusiza ukuthi wenze ukukhetha okuhlakaniphile:

1. Hlola i-Voltage yenqola yakho

Izinqola zegalofu zivame ukusebenza ku: | I-Voltage | Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile | |---------|-----------------------------------| | 36V | Izinqola ezincane, ukusetshenziswa okulula | | 48V | Okuvamile, ibhalansi enhle | | 72V | Izinqola ezisindayo, isivinini esisheshayo |

Qiniseka ukuthi uthola ibhethri le-IP67 elifanela i-voltage yenqola yakho.

2. Thola Umthamo Webhethri

Umthamo ubalulekile kuye ngokuthi ushayela kangaki futhi ibanga elingakanani:

  • Imijikelezo yansuku zonke noma umdlalo omude:Khetha100Ah noma ngaphezuluukuze kube nobude obude.
  • Ukusetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile:Umthamo omncane ungasebenza kodwa hlola ukuvalwa kwe-IP67 ukuze uvikeleke esimweni sezulu kanye nothuli.

3. Ukuhlola Ukuhambisana

Zibuze:

  • Ingabeukushintshwa kokungenanoma ingabe inqola yakho idinga izintambo ezincane noma izinguquko zesixhumi?
  • IningiAmabhethri enqola yegalofu ye-lithium ye-IP67zenzelwe ukulingana namamodeli adumile njenge-EZGO, iClub Car, kanye neYamaha, kodwa hlola njalo imininingwane.

4. Isabelomali kanye newaranti

  • Amabhethri e-lithium e-IP67 anezindleko eziphezulu kusengaphambili kodwa ahlala isikhathi eside.
  • Funa iwaranti embozweIminyaka emi-3-5; kuyinkomba enhle yekhwalithi.
  • Isici ku-ukonga kokulungisakanye nokuzuza kokusebenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

5. Izincomo ze-PROPOW

I-PROPOW inikeza isilinganiso esiphezuluAmabhethri enqola yegalofu ye-lithium ye-IP67nge:

  • Amanani aphezulu okukhishwangamagquma kanye nokuqhuma kwesivinini
  • Imiklamo emincaneukuze kube lula ukufaka
  • Kwakhelwe ngaphakathiIzinhlelo Zokuphatha Ibhethri (i-BMS)ukuze uthole ukuphepha okwengeziwe

Isibonelo: | Imodeli | I-Voltage | Umthamo | Okuvelele |

I-PROPOW 48V 100Ah| 48V | 100Ah | Ibanga elide, livaliwe, likhipha amanzi amaningi |

I-PROPOW 36V 105Ah| 36V | 105Ah | Ilula, iyashaja ngokushesha |

Ukukhetha ibhethri le-IP67 elifanele kusho ukulinganisela amandla, ukuqina, kanye nezindleko ezifanelana nemikhuba yakho yegalofu kanye nohlobo lwenqola.

Umhlahlandlela Wokufaka: Ukuthuthukela Kumabhethri Enqola Yegalofu ye-IP67

Ukuthuthukela ku-Amabhethri enqola yegalofu ye-IP67kuyisinyathelo esihlakaniphile sokuqina okungcono kanye nokuthembeka kuzo zonke izimo. Nasi umhlahlandlela olula wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukukusiza kule nqubo.

Amathuluzi Ozowadinga

  • Ama-wrenches noma isethi yesokhethi (ngokuvamile i-10mm noma i-13mm)
  • Izikulufo
  • Amagilavu ​​​​okuphepha nezibuko
  • I-Multimeter (ongakukhetha, ukuze kuhlolwe i-voltage)
  • Isihlanzi se-terminal yebhethri noma ibhulashi lensimbi

Ukufakwa Kwesinyathelo Ngesinyathelo

  1. Cima inqola yakho yegalofu bese unqamula ibhethri elidala.Susa njalo ikhebula elibi (-) kuqala ukuze ugweme izinhlansi.
  2. Susa amabhethri akhona ngokucophelela.Qaphela ukusethwa kwezintambo—thatha izithombe uma kudingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zixhunywe kabusha ngendlela efanele.
  3. Hlanza amatheminali ebhethri kanye nethileyi.Susa noma yikuphi ukugqwala ukuze uvikele ukuxhumana okuhle nentshaIbhethri lenqola yegalofu ye-lithium ye-IP67.
  4. Faka amabhethri amasha anesilinganiso se-IP67 kuthreyi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zilingana kahle futhi ukuxhumana kuyavumelana.
  5. Xhuma kabusha izintambo.Namathisela ikhebula eliqondile (+) kuqala, bese kuba elingelona eliqondile (-). Qinisekisa ukuthi uxhumano luqinile futhi luhlanzekile ukuze uvimbele ukulahlekelwa amandla.
  6. Hlola kabili zonke izixhumanisikanye nokuphepha okungokoqobo kwamabhethri ngaphambi kokuvula.

Amathiphu Okuphepha Nezingibe Ezivamile

  • Gwema ukuxuba amabhethri amadala namasha; kulimaza ukusebenza futhi kungaqeda iziqinisekiso.
  • Ungalokothi weqe izinto zokuphepha—amagilavu ​​nezibuko kuvikela ezinhlansini ze-asidi noma zikagesi.
  • Ungaqinisi kakhulu ama-terminals; kungalimaza izinsika noma izintambo.
  • Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa ishaja efanele ehambisana namabhethri e-lithium ukuze uvimbele umonakalo.

Ukufakwa kobungcweti vs. kwe-DIY

Kwabaningi abanolwazi, i-DIY ilula futhi isindisa imali. Kodwa-ke, uma ungaqiniseki ngomsebenzi kagesi noma unesethi eyinkimbinkimbi, umfakisi ochwepheshe uqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwebhethri.

Ngemva kokufakwa: Ukushaja nokuhlola

  • Shaja amabhethri akho amasha enqola yegalofu ye-IP67 lithium ngokugcwele ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kwawo kokuqala. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ububanzi kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu.
  • Sebenzisa idrayivu yokuhlola emfushane ukuhlola ukusebenza okuvamile kanye nokushisa kwebhethri.
  • Gada impilo yebhethri nganoma yimaphi amathuluzi asekelwe ku-Bluetooth noma kuhlelo lokusebenza anikeziwe.

Ukuthuthukela ku-Ibhethri lenqola yegalofu elilinganiselwe yi-IP67ivikela imali yakho othulini, emanzini, nasekugqwaleni—okwenza ukufakwa kufaneleke umzamo wokusebenza okuthembekile nokufanelekile kuzo zonke izimo zezulu.

Ukunakekelwa Nokunakekelwa Kwamabhethri Enqola Yegalofu ye-IP67

Amabhethri enqola yegalofu ye-IP67 awanakekelwa kahle, okuyinto enhle kakhulu kubadlali begalofu abamatasa. Nakhu okudingeka ukwazi ukuze ugcine ibhethri lakho lisesimweni esihle.amabhethri enqola yegalofu angangeni manziesimweni esiphezulu:

  • Akudingeki ukuchelela:Ngokungafani namabhethri e-lead-acid avamile, lawa mabhethri e-lithium avaliwe awadingi ukufakwa njalo. Lokho kusho ukuthi akukho zinkinga, akukho ukuchitheka.
  • Amathiphu okuhlanza:Vele usule ingaphandle ngendwangu emanzi ukuze ususe ukungcola noma uthuli. Gwema amakhemikhali anamandla angase alimaze isivalo noma izivalo.
  • Isitoreji sangaphandle kwesizini:Gcina inqola yakho yegalofu namabhethri endaweni epholile, eyomile. Shaja amabhethri cishe ku-50-70% ngaphambi kokugcina ukuze ugcine impilo yebhethri.
  • Amathuluzi okuqapha:Amabhethri amaningi enqola yegalofu ye-lithium ye-IP67 ahambisana nokuqapha kwe-Bluetooth noma uhlelo lokusebenza. Sebenzisa lokhu ukuze uqaphele impilo yebhethri, amazinga okushaja, kanye nokushisa ukuze uthole ukuthula kwengqondo.
  • Isikhathi sokushintsha:Qaphela izimpawu ezinjengokwehla kwebanga, ukushaja okuhamba kancane, noma ukusebenza okungajwayelekile. Lokhu ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuthola ibhethri elisha.

Ukulandela lezi zinyathelo ezilula kukusiza ukuthi uthole okuningi ku-ibhethri le-lithium yenqola yegalofu evaliwefuthi kuqinisekisa ukuthi inqola yakho ihlala ithembekile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sezulu sinjani.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Namabhethri Enqola Yegalofu ye-IP67

Ingabe i-IP67 ingacwiliswa ngokuphelele?

I-IP67 isho ukuthi amabhethri awavali uthuli futhi angamelana nokucwiliswa emanzini angafika kumitha eli-1 (cishe amamitha amathathu) imizuzu engama-30 ngaphandle kokulimala. Ngakho-ke, yize engenzelwanga ukusetshenziswa ngaphansi kwamanzi ajulile, amabhethri enqola yegalofu ye-IP67 avikelwe kakhulu emvuleni, emanzini ashisayo, nasemadamini asendleleni.

Ngingayisebenzisa yini ishaja yami ekhona ngebhethri le-IP67?

Amabhethri amaningi enqola yegalofu ye-lithium ye-IP67 ayahambisana namashaja ebhethri enqola yegalofu ajwayelekile, ikakhulukazi uma ugcina i-voltage ifana (36V, 48V, noma 72V). Kodwa-ke, kuhlale kuhlakaniphile ukuhlola izincomo zomenzi ukuze ugweme ukungafani kweshaja nebhethri.

Ngingalindela ukuthuthukiswa okungakanani kwebanga?

Ukushintshela ebhethrini lenqola yegalofu le-LiFePO4 elilinganiselwe yi-IP67 kungandisa ububanzi benqola yakho ngo-20% kuya ku-50%, kuye ngokuthi imodeli isetshenziswa kanjani. Izinketho ze-lithium zivame ukunikeza amamayela angu-50-70 ngokushaja—okungaphezu kakhulu kwamabhethri e-lead-acid avamile.

Ingabe amabhethri enqola yegalofu ye-IP67 ayakufanelekela ukutshalwa kwezimali?

Yebo. Umklamo ovikela isimo sezulu nowokuvikela uthuli usho ukwehluleka okuncane ngenxa yomswakama noma ukungcola, isikhathi eside sokuphila, kanye nokugcinwa okuncane. Ngenkathi izindleko zokuqala ziphezulu, uthola ukuthembeka okungcono, ukushaja okusheshayo, kanye nesisindo esilula, okwenza kube ukuthuthukiswa okuhlakaniphile kwesikhathi eside.

Ingabe amabhethri e-IP67 ayahambisana nemodeli yenqola yami yegalofu?

Imikhiqizo eminingi ephezulu njenge-EZGO, i-Club Car, kanye ne-Yamaha inezinketho zebhethri le-lithium le-IP67 elihambisanayo elenzelwe ukufaka esikhundleni sebhethri. Njalo qinisekisa i-voltage kanye nobukhulu ukuqinisekisa ukulingana nokusebenza okufanele.

Ukushintshela kumabhethri enqola yegalofu ye-lithium enesilinganiso se-IP67 kusho ukuthi uthola ukuqina okufanelekile, ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokusebenza okuqinile—okufanele abadlali kanye nemikhumbi kulo lonke elase-US abalindele ukugibela okuthembekile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izimo zinjani.


Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-22-2025