Ingabe uthembele enqoleni yakho yegalofu ethembekile ukuze izungeze inkundla noma umphakathi wakho? Njengemoto yakho esebenzayo, kubalulekile ukugcina amabhethri enqola yakho yegalofu esesimweni esihle. Funda umhlahlandlela wethu ophelele wokuhlola ibhethri ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungawahlola nini futhi kanjani amabhethri akho ukuze uthole impilo nokusebenza okuphezulu.
Kungani Kufanele Uhlole Amabhethri Enqola Yakho Yegalofu?
Nakuba amabhethri enqola yegalofu akhiwe kahle, ayawohloka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nangokusetshenziswa kakhulu. Ukuhlola amabhethri akho kuyindlela kuphela yokukala ngokunembile isimo sempilo yawo nokuthola noma yiziphi izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zikushiye ungenalutho.
Ngokukhethekile, ukuhlolwa okuvamile kukuxwayisa ngalokhu:
- Ukushaja/i-voltage ephansi - Thola amabhethri ashajwe kancane noma akhishwe amanzi.
- Umthamo owohlokile - Amabhethri aphelelwa amandla angasakwazi ukuthwala ukushaja okugcwele.
- Amatheminali agqwalile - Thola ukunqwabelana kokugqwala okubangela ukumelana nokwehla kwamandla kagesi.
- Amaseli alimele - Athathe amaseli ebhethri anephutha ngaphambi kokuba ahluleke ngokuphelele.
- Ukuxhumeka okubuthakathaka - Thola ukuxhumeka kwekhebula okuxegayo okukhipha amandla.
Ukuqeda lezi zinkinga zebhethri zenqola yegalofu ezivamile zisanda kuqala ngokuhlola kukhulisa isikhathi sazo sokuphila kanye nokuthembeka kwenqola yakho yegalofu.
Kufanele Uzihlole Nini Amabhethri Akho?
Iningi labakhiqizi bezinqola zegalofu batusa ukuhlola amabhethri akho okungenani:
- Nyanga zonke - Kwezinqola ezisetshenziswa njalo.
- Njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3 - Ngezinqola ezisetshenziswe kancane.
- Ngaphambi kokugcina izinto ebusika - Isimo sezulu esibandayo siyakhathaza amabhethri.
- Ngemva kokugcina ebusika - Qinisekisa ukuthi zisindile ebusika zilungele intwasahlobo.
- Uma ububanzi bubonakala buncishisiwe - Uphawu lwakho lokuqala lwenkinga yebhethri.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, hlola amabhethri akho ngemva kwanoma yikuphi okulandelayo:
- Inqola ihlale ingasetshenziswa amasonto ambalwa. Amabhethri ayazikhipha ngokwawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Ukusetshenziswa kakhulu endaweni ethambekile. Izimo ezinzima zicindezela amabhethri.
- Ukuchayeka ekushiseni okuphezulu. Ukushisa kusheshisa ukuguguleka kwebhethri.
- Ukusebenza kokulungisa. Kungase kuvele izinkinga zikagesi.
- Yeqa inqola yokuqala. Qinisekisa ukuthi amabhethri awonakalanga.
Ukuhlolwa okuvamile njalo ezinyangeni ezingu-1-3 kuhlanganisa zonke izisekelo zakho. Kodwa hlola njalo ngemva kwesikhathi eside ungenzi lutho noma usole nokulimala kwebhethri.
Amathuluzi Okuhlola Abalulekile
Ukuhlola amabhethri enqola yakho yegalofu akudingi amathuluzi abizayo noma ulwazi lobuchwepheshe. Ngezisekelo ezingezansi, ungenza ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe be-caliber:
- I-voltmeter yedijithali - Ilinganisa i-voltage ukuze iveze isimo sokushaja.
- I-Hydrometer - Ithola ukushaja ngokusebenzisa ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte.
- Umhloli womthwalo - Usebenzisa umthwalo ukuhlola umthamo.
- I-Multimeter - Ihlola ukuxhumana, izintambo, kanye nama-terminal.
- Amathuluzi okulungisa ibhethri - Ibhulashi letheminali, isihlanzi sebhethri, ibhulashi lekhebula.
- Amagilavu, izibuko, i-apron - Ukuphatha amabhethri ngokuphephile.
- Amanzi acwengekile - Ukuze kuncishiswe amazinga e-electrolyte.
Ukutshala imali kula mathuluzi okuhlola ibhethri abalulekile kuzozuzisa ngeminyaka eminingi yokuphila kwebhethri okude.
Ukuhlolwa Kwangaphambi Kokuhlolwa
Ngaphambi kokungena ekuhlolweni kwe-voltage, ukushaja, kanye nokuxhumeka, hlola amabhethri akho kanye nenqola yakho ngamehlo. Ukuthola izinkinga kusenesikhathi konga isikhathi sokuhlola.
Ngebhethri ngalinye, hlola:
- Ikesi - Imifantu noma umonakalo kuvumela ukuvuza okuyingozi.
- Amatheminali - Ukugqwala okukhulu kuvimbela ukugeleza kwamanje.
- Izinga le-Electrolyte - Uketshezi oluphansi lunciphisa umthamo.
- Izivalo zomoya - Izivalo ezingekho noma ezonakele zivumela ukuvuza.
Futhi funa:
- Ukuxhumeka okuxegayo - Amatheminali kufanele aqine ezintanjeni.
- Izintambo eziqhekekile - Umonakalo wokushisa ungabangela amabhulukwe amafushane.
- Izimpawu zokushaja ngokweqile - Ibhokisi eligobile noma eliqhumayo.
- Ukungcola okuqongelelekile kanye nokungcola - Kungaphazamisa umoya ongena ngaphakathi.
- I-electrolyte evuzayo noma echithekile - Ilimaza izingxenye eziseduze, iyingozi.
Shintsha noma yiziphi izingxenye ezonakele ngaphambi kokuhlola. Hlanza ukungcola nokugqwala ngebhulashi lensimbi kanye nesihlanzi sebhethri.
Faka amanzi acwengekile ku-electrolyte uma ephansi. Manje amabhethri akho aselungele ukuhlolwa okuphelele.
Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Voltage
Indlela esheshayo yokuhlola impilo yebhethri jikelele ukuhlolwa kwamandla kagesi nge-voltmeter yedijithali.
Setha i-voltmeter yakho kuma-volt e-DC. Uma inqola ivaliwe, namathisela i-lead ebomvu ku-terminal elungile kanye ne-lead emnyama ku-negative. I-voltage yokuphumula enembile yile:
- Ibhethri le-6V: 6.4-6.6V
- Ibhethri le-8V: 8.4-8.6V
- Ibhethri le-12V: 12.6-12.8V
I-voltage ephansi ikhombisa:
- 6.2V noma ngaphansi - 25% ishajwe noma ngaphansi. Idinga ukushajwa.
- 6.0V noma ngaphansi - Ifile ngokuphelele. Ingase ingalulami.
Shaja amabhethri akho ngemva kwanoma yikuphi ukufundwa okungaphansi kwamazinga aphezulu e-voltage. Bese uphinde uhlole i-voltage. Ukufundwa okuphansi okuqhubekayo kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi iseli lebhethri lihlulekile.
Okulandelayo, hlola i-voltage enomthwalo kagesi ojwayelekile ovuliwe, njengezibani zangaphambili. I-voltage kufanele ihlale izinzile, inganciphi ngaphezu kuka-0.5V. Ukwehla okukhulu kukhomba amabhethri abuthakathaka ahluleka ukunikeza amandla.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-voltage kuthola izinkinga zangaphandle njengesimo sokushaja kanye nokuxhumeka okuxegayo. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olujulile, qhubekela ekuhlolweni kokulayisha, amandla kanye nokuxhumeka.
Ukuhlolwa Komthwalo
Ukuhlolwa komthwalo kuhlaziya indlela amabhethri akho aphatha ngayo umthwalo kagesi, kulingisa izimo zangempela. Sebenzisa umhloli womthwalo ophathwa ngesandla noma umhloli wesitolo ochwepheshe.
Landela imiyalelo yomhloli womthwalo ukuze unamathisele ama-clamp kuma-terminal. Vula umhloli ukuze usebenzise umthwalo osethiwe imizuzwana embalwa. Ibhethri elisezingeni eliphezulu lizogcina i-voltage ingaphezu kuka-9.6V (ibhethri le-6V) noma u-5.0V ngeseli ngalinye (ibhethri le-36V).
Ukwehla kwamandla kagesi ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komthwalo kubonisa ibhethri elinamandla aphansi futhi elisondela ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuphila kwalo. Amabhethri awakwazi ukuletha amandla anele ngaphansi kokucindezeleka.
Uma i-voltage yebhethri lakho ibuya ngokushesha ngemva kokususa umthwalo, ibhethri lingase lisaphila. Kodwa ukuhlolwa komthwalo kwembule amandla abuthakathaka adinga ukushintshwa maduze.
Ukuhlolwa Kwamandla
Ngesikhathi umhloli womthwalo ehlola i-voltage ngaphansi komthwalo, i-hydrometer ilinganisa ngqo umthamo wokushaja webhethri. Yisebenzise kumabhethri agcwele ama-electrolyte agcwele uketshezi.
Dweba i-electrolyte ku-hydrometer nge-pipette encane. Funda izinga lokuntanta esikalini:
- 1.260-1.280 amandla adonsela phansi athile - Ishajwe ngokuphelele
- 1.220-1.240 - 75% ikhokhisiwe
- 1.200 - 50% ishajekile
- 1.150 noma ngaphansi - Kukhishwe
Bala ukufundwa emakamelweni amaningana esitokisi. Ukufundwa okungafani kungabonisa iseli ngalinye elinephutha.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrometer kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola ukuthi amabhethri ashaja ngokugcwele yini. I-voltage ingase ifunde ukushaja okugcwele, kodwa ukuminyana kwama-electrolyte aphansi kwembula ukuthi amabhethri awawamukeli ukushaja kwawo okujulile ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukuhlolwa Kokuxhumeka
Ukuxhumana okungekuhle phakathi kwebhethri, izintambo, kanye nezingxenye zenqola yegalofu kungabangela ukwehla kwe-voltage kanye nezinkinga zokukhipha amandla kagesi.
Sebenzisa i-multimeter ukuhlola ukumelana kokuxhumeka kuzo zonke izindawo:
- Amatheminali ebhethri
- Ukuxhumeka kwekhebula kuya ku-terminal
- Ebudeni bekhebula
- Amaphuzu okuxhumana nabalawuli noma ibhokisi le-fuse
Noma yikuphi ukufundwa okungaphezu kuka-zero kubonisa ukumelana okuphezulu okuvela ekugqwaleni, ukuxhumana okuxekethile noma ukuqhekeka. Hlanza futhi uqinise ukuxhumana kuze kube yilapho ukumelana kufunda u-zero.
Hlola futhi ngokubona iziphetho zekhebula elincibilikisiwe, uphawu lokwehluleka okukhulu kokumelana. Izintambo ezonakele kumele zishintshwe.
Njengoba amaphoyinti okuxhumana engenamaphutha, amabhethri akho angasebenza kahle kakhulu.
Isifinyezo Sezinyathelo Zokuhlola
Ukuze uthole isithombe esiphelele sempilo yebhethri yenqola yakho yegalofu, landela lolu chungechunge lokuhlola oluphelele:
1. Ukuhlola okubonakalayo - Hlola umonakalo kanye namazinga oketshezi.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwe-voltage - Hlola isimo sokushaja lapho uphumule futhi ungaphansi komthwalo.
3. Ukuhlolwa komthwalo - Bheka impendulo yebhethri emithwalweni kagesi.
4. I-Hydrometer - Kala umthamo kanye nekhono lokushaja ngokugcwele.
5. Ukuhlolwa kokuxhumana - Thola izinkinga zokumelana ezibangela ukuphuma kwamandla.
Ukuhlanganisa lezi zindlela zokuhlola kuvimbela noma yiziphi izinkinga zebhethri ukuze ukwazi ukuthatha isinyathelo sokulungisa ngaphambi kokuba kuphazamiseke ukuhamba kwegalofu.
Ukuhlaziya Nokuqopha Imiphumela
Ukugcina amarekhodi emiphumela yokuhlolwa kwebhethri lakho umjikelezo ngamunye kukunikeza isithombe sesikhathi sokuphila kwebhethri. Idatha yokuhlolwa kokugcina ikuvumela ukuthi ubone izinguquko zokusebenza kwebhethri kancane kancane ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukwehluleka okuphelele.
Kuvivinyo ngalunye, bhala phansi:
- Usuku kanye nebanga lenqola
- Ama-voltage, amandla adonsela phansi athile, kanye nokufundwa kokumelana
- Noma yimaphi amanothi ngomonakalo, ukugqwala, amazinga oketshezi
- Ukuhlolwa lapho imiphumela iphuma khona ebangeni elijwayelekile
Bheka amaphethini afana ne-voltage encishisiwe njalo, amandla okuphela, noma ukumelana okuphezulu. Uma udinga ukuqinisekisa amabhethri anephutha, hlola i-d
Nazi ezinye izeluleko zokuthola okuningi kumabhethri enqola yakho yegalofu:
- Sebenzisa ishaja efanele - Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa ishaja ehambisana namabhethri akho athile. Ukusebenzisa ishaja engalungile kungalimaza amabhethri ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Shaja endaweni enomoya opholile - Ukushaja kukhiqiza igesi ye-hydrogen, ngakho-ke shaja amabhethri endaweni evulekile ukuze uvimbele ukwakheka kwegesi. Ungalokothi ushaje emazingeni okushisa ashisa kakhulu noma abandayo.
- Gwema ukushaja ngokweqile - Ungashiyi amabhethri eshajeni isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku ngemuva kokuthi kubonakale sengathi ashajwe ngokugcwele. Ukushaja ngokweqile kubangela ukushisa ngokweqile futhi kusheshise ukulahleka kwamanzi.
- Hlola amazinga amanzi ngaphambi kokushaja - Gcwalisa amabhethri ngamanzi acwengekile kuphela uma kudingeka. Ukugcwalisa ngokweqile kungabangela ukuchitheka kwe-electrolyte nokugqwala.
- Vumela amabhethri aphole ngaphambi kokushaja kabusha - Vumela amabhethri ashisayo aphole ngaphambi kokuxhuma ukuze ushaje kahle. Ukushisa kunciphisa ukwamukelwa kweshaja.
- Hlanza iziqongo zebhethri nama-terminal - Ukungcola nokugqwala kungaphazamisa ukushaja. Gcina amabhethri ehlanzekile usebenzisa ibhulashi locingo kanye nesisombululo se-baking soda/amanzi.
- Faka izivalo zamaseli ngokuqinile - Izivalo ezikhululekile zivumela ukulahleka kwamanzi ngokuhwamuka. Buyisela izivalo zamaseli ezonakele noma ezingekho.
- Nqamula izintambo lapho ugcina - Vimbela imisele yamanzi angcolile lapho inqola yegalofu igcinwa ngokunqamula izintambo zebhethri.
- Gwema ukukhishwa okujulile - Ungasebenzisi amabhethri efile. Ukukhishwa okujulile kulimaza unomphela amapuleti futhi kunciphisa umthamo.
- Shintsha amabhethri amadala njengesethi - Ukufaka amabhethri amasha eceleni kwamadala kuqinisa amabhethri amadala futhi kufinyeze impilo.
- Phinda usebenzise amabhethri amadala ngendlela efanele - Abathengisi abaningi baphinda basebenzise amabhethri amadala mahhala. Ungafaki amabhethri e-lead-acid asetshenzisiwe emgqonyeni kadoti.
Ukulandela imikhuba emihle yokushaja, ukulungisa, ukugcina kanye nokushintsha kuzokhulisa isikhathi sebhethri lenqola yegalofu kanye nokusebenza kwayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-20-2023
