Ashajwa kanjani amabhethri esikebhe?

ashajwa kanjani amabhethri esikebhe
Amabhethri esikebhe ashajwa kabusha ngokuhlehlisa ukusabela kwe-electrochemical okwenzeka phakathi nokuphuma. Le nqubo ngokuvamile yenziwa kusetshenziswa i-alternator yesikebhe noma ishaja yebhethri yangaphandle. Nansi incazelo enemininingwane yokuthi amabhethri esikebhe ashajwa kanjani:

Izindlela zokushaja

1. Ukushaja enye:
- Ishayelwa Injini: Lapho injini yesikebhe isebenza, ishayela i-alternator, ekhiqiza ugesi.
- I-Voltage Regulation: I-alternator ikhiqiza ugesi we-AC (oshintshanayo wamanje), oguqulwa ube yi-DC (i-direct current) futhi uqondiswe ezingeni le-voltage ephephile yebhethri.
- Inqubo yokushaja: I-DC elawulwayo igeleza ingene ebhethrini, ihlehlisa ukusabela kokukhipha. Le nqubo iguqula i-lead sulfate emapuletini ibuyele ku-lead dioxide (positive plate) kanye ne-sponge lead (i-negative plate), futhi ibuyisele i-sulfuric acid esisombululo se-electrolyte.

2. Ishaja Yebhethri Yangaphandle:
- Amashaja E-Plug-In: Lawa mashaja angaxhunywa endaweni yokuphuma evamile ye-AC futhi axhunywe kumatheminali ebhethri.
- Amashaja Ahlakaniphile: Amashaja esimanje ngokuvamile "ahlakaniphile" futhi angalungisa izinga lokushaja ngokusekelwe esimweni sokushajwa kwebhethri, izinga lokushisa, kanye nohlobo (isb., i-lead-acid, AGM, ijeli).
- Ukushaja Kwezigaba Eziningi: Lawa mashaja ngokuvamile asebenzisa inqubo yezigaba eziningi ukuze aqinisekise ukushaja okuphumelelayo nokuphephile:
- I-Bulk Charge: Iletha i-current ephezulu ukuletha ibhethri lifike ku-80%.
- I-Absorption Charge: Yehlisa amandla amanje ngenkathi igcina i-voltage engashintshi ukuze ibhethri licishe ligcwale.
- I-Float Charge: Ihlinzeka ngesimanje esiphansi, esizinzile ukuze sigcine ibhethri lishajwa okungu-100% ngaphandle kokushajwa ngokweqile.

Inqubo yokushaja

1. Ukushaja Ngenqwaba:
- I-High Current: Ekuqaleni, i-current ephezulu inikezwa ebhethri, okwandisa i-voltage.
- Ukusabela Kwamakhemikhali: Amandla kagesi aguqula i-lead sulfate ibuyele ekubeni yi-lead dioxide nesipontshi umthofu kuyilapho egcwalisa i-sulfuric acid ku-electrolyte.

2. Ukushaja kokumuncwa:
- I-Voltage Plateau: Njengoba ibhethri isondela ekushajeni ngokugcwele, i-voltage igcinwa isezingeni elingashintshi.
- Ukuncipha Kwamanje: I-current iyancipha kancane kancane ukuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile nokushaja ngokweqile.
- Ukusabela Okuphelele: Lesi sigaba siqinisekisa ukuthi ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kuqediwe ngokugcwele, ukubuyisela ibhethri kumthamo walo omkhulu.

3. Ukushaja okuntantayo:
- Imodi Yokulungisa: Uma ibhethri selishajwe ngokugcwele, ishaja ishintshela kumodi yokuntanta, inikeze amandla amanje anele ukunxephezela ukuzikhipha ngokwayo.
- Ukugcinwa Kwesikhathi Eside: Lokhu kugcina ibhethri lishajwe ngokugcwele ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo ngenxa yokushajwa ngokweqile.